<p>Exmouth Gulf is a gulf in the north-west of Western Australia. It lies between North West Cape and the main coastline of Western Australia. It is considered to be part of the region of the North West Shelf and in the Canning Basin area.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Exmouth Gulf is a rich marine environment. It is a nursery for humpback whales, dugong and turtles. The mangrove systems on the eastern margins are areas of high primary productivity feeding and restocking both the Gulf and the famed nearby Ningaloo Reef.</p><br>
<p>A proposal for a system of solar salt evaporation ponds stretching more than 30 km along the gulf&#39;s south-western coast has given rise to heated debate on possible environmental impacts on the area.</p><br>
<p>The Gulf and off-shore waters beyond the Ningaloo fringing reef are home to some of Australia&#39;s significant sport fish including marlin, Spanish mackerel, and several sub-species of tuna.</p><br>
<p>The Gulf sustains one of Western Australia&#39;s largest prawn fisheries, managed by the Kailis Fishing Group, which operates under license from the Western Australian Government.</p><br>
<h3>Birds</h3><br>
<p>The mangroves along the eastern side of the gulf stretch for nearly 50 km. They have been identified by BirdLife International as a 420 km Important Bird Area (IBA) because they support over 1% of the world populations of pied oystercatchers and grey-tailed tattlers, as well as being an important site for the restricted-range dusky gerygone. Another IBA is 11 ha Sunday Island, lying in the north of the Gulf near the Muiron Islands, which is an important nesting site for roseate terns.</p><br>
<p>Cobb Mountain is the tallest mountain in the Mayacamas Mountains of California. Its 4720+ feet,  main summit is located in Lake County, west of the town of Cobb. Like nearby Mount Saint Helena, Cobb Mountain is tall enough to receive winter snowfall.</p><br>
<p>The mountain also has a sub-peak named Cobb Mountain – Southwest Peak with an elevation of about 4483+ feet, (1367+ m)</p><br>
<p>Southwest Peak lies on the Sonoma-Lake county line and is the highest point in Sonoma County. Nearby tall peaks like Mount Saint Helena and Snow Mountain can be seen from this summit.</p><br>
<p>The east end of Cobb Mountain drains into the headwaters of Putah Creek, then into the Sacramento River, the San Francisco Bay, and the Pacific Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The south slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Anderson Creek, and thence into Putah Creek.</p><br>
<p>The southwest slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Cobb Creek, thence into Big Sulphur Creek, the Russian River, and into the Pacific.</p><br>
<p>The northwest slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Alder Creek, thence into Kelsey Creek, Clear Lake, Cache Creek, and the Sacramento River.</p><br>
<p>The northeast slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Kelsey Creek.</p><br>
<p>Much of Cobb Mountain lies within The Geysers Geothermal Field, and several geothermal plants are located on the mountain. Other areas on the mountain are owned by Cobb Mountain Spring Water (now sold as Mayacamas Mountain Spring Water) or are privately held timberlands. Because much of Cobb Mountain is privately owned, it is largely not accessible to the general public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is named after John Cobb, the first pioneer to settle in the area. Cobb was born in Henry County, Kentucky on May 19, 1814. In 1853 he arrived in California and homesteaded in Cobb Valley and went on to become the county assessor and the road overseer for the Clearlake District in 1855. He built a combined saw and gristmill in 1859, which was later destroyed by fire. He sold his interests and moved to Napa County around 1860.</p><br>
<p>The Cobb Mountain area was devastated in 2015 by the Valley Fire, including much of the town of Cobb, as well as several geothermal facilities.</p><br>
<p>Kourounios  is a mountain village in the municipal unit Gortyna, southwestern Arcadia, Greece. It is situated in the eastern foothills of mount Lykaion, overlooking the Alfeios valley. It is 2 km west of Mavria, 3 km north of Isoma Karyon, 4 km south of Karytaina and 11 km northwest of Megalopoli. In 2011 Kourounios had a population of 33.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village is first mentioned in 1302, and the remains of the Frankish castle of Saint George in Skorta are located nearby. On 27/28 March 1821, during the first days of the Greek War of Independence, Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis ambushed and defeated a Turkish force in the gorge west of the village. Among the historical buildings of the area are the ruins of the village of Xirokarytaina (Ξηροκαρύταινα) and of the so-called "Burned Mosque" (Καμένο Τζαμί), as well as the chapel of Psili Panagia, built in 1870.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The Fig Springs mission site  is an archaeological site in Ichetucknee Springs State Park, in Columbia County, Florida. It has been identified as the site of a Spanish mission to the Timucua people of the region, dating to the first half of the 17th century. Found within the historical territory of the Timucua tribe known as the Northern Utina, it is thought to be the Mission San Martín de Timucua, also known as San Martín de Ayacuto, which was founded in the important Northern Utina village of Ayacuto in 1608.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Fig Springs site is adjacent to a short tributary connecting Fig Springs to the Ichetucknee River, about one mile downstream from the head springs of the Ichetucknee. An apparent midden was discovered in the tributary in 1949, and a survey with limited excavations in 1986 found evidence of a mission on the adjacent land, including a church building, missionary residence (convento), cemetery, plaza and native village. More extensive excavations were carried out in 1988-1989.</p><br>
<p>Analysis of sherds found at the site indicated that the mission was occupied during the first half of the 17th century. The archaeologists identified the site as likely to be that of San Martín de Timucua, which is known to have been founded in 1608, and which does not appear in Spanish records after the Timucua rebellion of 1656. An earlier identification of the site as Santa Catalina de Afuerica, which is known to have existed in the area between 1675 and 1685, is less likely based on the evidence of the sherds. The mission appears to have been established at one of the five major towns that existed at the beginning of the 17th century in the Province of Timucua proper (also Northern Utina or Utina), which included north Florida north of the Santa Fe River from the St. Johns River in the east to the Aucilla River in the west.</p><br>
<p>The mission church was an open-air structure, with a plank wall on the east end, and the other sides left open. Posts, about 10 cm square, supported a roof over an area about 10.5 m north-south and 8 m east-west. The floor had been cleared down to bare earth, and a clean sand subfloor supported a packed clay floor, which rose in steps from west to east. The structure apparently burned, and the remains were covered by a layer of clean sand. A cemetery on the north side of the church included several rows of burials. Unlike several other Spanish missions in Florida, no burials were found in the floor of the church.</p><br>
<p>The Palmer House is an historic hotel, located on South Main Street at the corner of South 3rd Street  in Sauk Centre, Minnesota, in the United States. On February 11, 1982 the hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a member of the Minnesota Hotel & Lodging Association and National Restaurant Association and is AAA approved.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Palmer House was built in 1901 by Ralph L. Palmer on the site of the Sauk Centre House, which had burned down on June 26, 1900. This hotel became the first building in Sauk Centre to have electricity.</p><br>
<p>Sinclair Lewis, who worked in the Palmer House as a young man, used it as the model for the "Minniemashie House" in his 1920 novel Main Street, which in turn was modeled on Sauk Centre.</p><br>
<h2>The supernatural</h2><br>
<p>Various people have reported paranormal activity at the Palmer House. The Palmer House held its first paranormal seminar January 18–20, 2008; attendees included television personalities Chris Fleming and Patrick Burns, Darkness On The Edge Of Town radio host David Schrader, and other paranormal experts. The Palmer House is featured in the fourth episode of season 7 on Ghost Adventures, where they investigate the building with Dave Schrader.</p><br>
<p>Many stories and videos have displayed the happenings here. One of the more common accounts is that there was a little boy who died when he was staying at the hotel, and now many people hear and see him bouncing a ball in the hallway. Many more experiences are listed at.</p><br>
<p>Many of the rooms in the hotel seem to have plenty of paranormal activity. The majority of guests who stay leave with many fun stories of visits by "unregistered guests". A newlywed couple staying in the hotel reported one night the wife woke up suddenly to see a lanky man dressed in 1920′s-30′s clothing standing at the foot of the bed.</p><br>
<h2>Size</h2><br>
<p>As originally built, the hotel comprised 38 small rooms with guests sharing a common "necessary room" (lavatory) off the hall. There are now 19 rooms, including three economy rooms, eight standard rooms, one economy suite, three suites, three jacuzzi suites, and one double jacuzzi suites.</p><br>
<p>The Malaita massacre inflicted a large number of deaths on the island of Malaita in the Solomon Islands in late 1927. William R. Bell, the District Officer of Malaita in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, and many of his deputies were killed by Basiana and other Kwaio warriors as part of a plan to resist the head tax imposed by the colonial authorities and what was perceived as an assault on the traditional values. A retributive raid was organised that ultimately resulted in the death of about 60 Kwaio, in addition to nearly 200 incarcerated and a systematic destruction and desecration of important Kwaio ancestral shrines and ritual objects. The event was of extreme significance for the Kwaio people, and has greatly affected their way of life.</p><br>
<h2>Tax collection massacre</h2><br>
<p>In September 1927, various Kwaio, led by Basiana, planned an attack on Bell and his party when they came for the tax collection. They attempted to recruit plotters by advancing their grievances against Bell and the government, especially the empowerment of Christian coastal groups that were seen to dishonour their ancestors. Word of the plot spread across the island, and Bell and his police were warned well in advance. However, understanding local mores, Bell decided the best approach was to make a show of strength, and thereby command the respect of the locals and achieve their compliance. Collecting taxes offshore or calling residents up one by one, as some of his deputies urged, would reveal weakness.</p><br>
<p>On Monday, 3 October 1927 Bell moored his ship the Auki in Singalagu harbour, and set up the usual tax collection operation at the house in the glen nearby. At dawn on Tuesday, Basiana and the other warriors made their way to the tax collection site. When the warriors arrived, Bell announced his peaceful intentions and invited them to pay their taxes. Basiana paid his tax first and went back to the edge of the clearing where his pouch was. Then he took the barrel of his rifle, concealed it between his arm and body, and slipped back into the line. He worked his way to the front of the line, and while Bell was writing on the tax roll, he took the rifle, raised it high and smashed it into his skull with such force that Bell&#39;s head virtually exploded. Basiana then sprung onto the table and into the tax house.</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, some of the other warriors in Basianas party attacked Kenneth Lillies, a British cadet serving as Bells assistant. The machete blow was deflected by another policeman, and he was able to fire his revolver in point blank range at the attackers, wounding two, before another attacker was able to shoot him in the chest with a discarded rifle. Makasi, another policeman, picked up the rifle next to him and was able to kill one of the attackers. The other officials in front of the tax house were quickly set upon by other warriors.</p><br>
<p>Minutes before, one group of attackers had cut through the loia cane that fastened the tax house, and were able to pull down the walls, pinioning eight policemen inside against their rifles. Only one constable was able to escape the tax house, and sprinted to the jetty and was able to swim to safety. The others fought the best they could, but the first to shoot, Constable Kabini, had his rifle misfire, and thus Basiana was not killed as he sprang into the house. In all, 15 officials, including Bell and Lillies, were killed. One of the attacking party, shot by Makasi, was killed, plus about half a dozen wounded.</p><br>
<h2>Punitive expedition</h2><br>
<p>The survivors made their way to the Auki and the Wheatsheaf and waited while a small party of Kwaio Christians went ashore to recover Bells and Lillies bodies and wrapped them in sailcloth. The two ships, along with the Advent, anchored near the mouth of the harbour, sailed to Ngongosila where Bell and Lillies were buried together. Then the Auki and the Wheatsheaf sailed off to Tulagi to bring the news to the protectorate headquarters.</p><br>
<p>In Tulagi, the Resident Commissioner Richard Rutledge Kane was off on tour, and his deputy, Captain N.S.B. Kidson, who had little experience in the Solomons, surmised that the Malaitans were in a general uprising. The High Commissioner in Suva requested a ship to be sent to the Solomons, and sailed from Sydney on 10 October. Australia&#39;s quick response symbolised the bond between Australia and the Solomons, official, religious, and commercial, and newspapers printed hundreds of articles about the massacre and its aftermath.</p><br>
<p>Talk of a punitive expedition began almost immediately among the Europeans in Tulagi. When the Resident Commissioner R.R. Kane returned to the capital, much had already been prepared. Dozens of Europeans volunteered their services, but in the end 28 Europeans, mostly planters, were selected to make up the civilian force. They were issued with.303 rifles and given intensive training. The District Officer of Guadalcanal, C.E.J. Wilson, who had a reputation for roughness from his treatment of some resistance on Guadalcanal, was given orders to patrol the coast of Malaita to gather information. Some village constables returned with Wilson and pleaded that those who had paid their taxes (listed in Bells tax rolls) the day before not be punished. These people were already in coastal villages, anticipating an official retaliation. In Auki, the Malaitan district headquarters, 880 Malaitans had volunteered to participate in the expedition. Officials, knowing that most were probably simply eager to avenge dead relatives or other old scores, decided to limit their participation, and only accepted the help of 40, who for the most part had served in Bells police force. The group was rounded out by fifty naval personnel from Adelaide and 120 native carriers.</p><br>
<p>The first armed party landed from Adelaide on Sunday, 16 October, twelve days after the killing. Five days later, the Ramadi with the colonial officials and the 28 Europeans, anchored in the harbour. A staging area was built 1,600 feet up the mountain. On 26 October, the party set out for the interior, travelling in a line over a quarter-mile long. The leaders of the expedition had considerable trouble keeping the European volunteer army in check, and some volunteers, who had been led to believe they would be permitted to shoot natives on sight, felt betrayed by the limitations and reprimands from their leadership. They had considerable difficulty with the terrain, drank whisky and gambled, and most were dismissed after two weeks.</p><br>
<p>The naval personnel, added to "stiffen" the civilian party, also had considerable difficulty with the conditions; when Adelaide returned to Sydney on 18 November, 20% of the crew were hospitalised for malaria, dysentery, and septic sores. The naval presence had been thought necessary for dealing with an open rebellion, but as it became clear that the early messages had been exaggerated, their presence was largely unnecessary.</p><br>
<p>The Europeans largely were no threat to the resistant Kwaio, but the fellow Malaitan police patrols, led by constables who had worked with Bell, were. The only advantage of the Kwaio was a better knowledge of the local landscape, but that was balanced by assistance from some Kwaio guides from the coastal area. Another act which the northern Malaitans took considerable zeal was the systematic desecration of Kwaio holy sites. Ancestral skulls, consecrated objects, and other relics were crushed, burned, or thrown into menstrual huts. Though the police force was Christian, traditional Kwaio religion was similar to that which they had been raised in, and they knew how to most effectively bring the wrath of the ancestors (who punish only their own descendents) upon the Kwaio.</p><br>
<p>Despite the official command, the dominant leaders in the expedition party were Bell&#39;s sergeants and constables, who remained loyal to Bell and wished to avenge his death. The inland base camp was deserted on 21 December, when twenty fugitives remained at large, but all but one surrendered or were captured in the subsequent weeks.</p><br>
<p>The police reported the shooting of 27 Kwaio, said to have been attacking patrols, resisting arrest, or trying to flee. An exact number of Kwaio killed during the expedition as a whole is impossible to establish; the estimate of South Seas Evangelical Mission missionaries in the Kwaio area, 60, though dismissed by the government as an exaggeration, was accepted by Roger M. Keesing, who thoroughly studied both the official reports and the memories of the Kwaio forty years later. Keesing reports accounting for 55 deaths as virtually certain. The Kwaio themselves often estimate the number at 200. Keesing accounted for this large estimate as including deaths caused by the supernatural vengeance of the ancestors, upset at the desecration of their shrines.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>In total, 198 Kwaio were arrested and detained between November 1927 and February 1928. They were held in a stockade near the harbour, awaiting transport on the Ramadi to Tulagi, where they waited in prison without formal charges pressed against them. Reacting to the prison food and the crowded conditions, many suffered diseases. In February, dysentery broke out, and in the months to follow, 173 of them were admitted to hospital for it. In all, 30 of the prisoners died from diseases while in jail. The government, reacting to accounts of the deaths, responded that many of these were older men, said to be senile or otherwise already weak. However, they did not explain why such men were being held.</p><br>
<p>A long pre-trial investigation followed, consolidating testimonies by survivors and detainees. The legal authorities recognised from the investigation who had actually plotted the murder, and it was understood they had used their political dominance to keep others in line. A balance had to be struck between the desire to set an example and to maintain strict British justice, and in the end, it was decided to charge with murder anyone who could be shown to have killed government officers or police, and to imprison others who had inflicted wounds, attempted murder, or otherwise played a central part. In all, 11 men were charged with murder, and six were convicted; of the 71 eventually charged with lesser offences, 21 were convicted. Basiana, who had killed Bell, was hanged publicly on 29 June 1928, in front of his two sons.</p><br>
<p>In June 1928, seeking a solution to the problem of what to do with those who were acquitted or never charged with crimes, the High Commissioner in Fiji issued a "King&#39;s Regulation to Authorise the Detention of Certain Natives Formerly Living on the Island of Malaita." It declared as "legal and valid" "all acts" committed in connection with the detention "in order to preserve peace and good order within the Protectorate", and extended the detention period six months. This permitted resident commissioner Kane to continue planning for the resettlement of the Kwaio on another island, an idea he had conceived already in November 1927. However, Lieutenant-Colonel H.C. Moorhouse, who had considerable colonial experience in Africa and was sent by London to investigate the massacre, quashed the scheme, and urged for the rapid repatriation of the detainees. In August 1928, the remaining detainees were returned to Malaita, and rations of rice were distributed.</p><br>
<p>During the punitive expedition, many Kwaio sought refuge in Christian villages, and after their sacred sites were polluted, hundreds converted to Christianity rather than face ancestral punishment. There was a precipitous drop in the interior population relative to the coast, and villages became slightly smaller and more widely scattered. The effective end of the power of the ramo and blood feuding increased spatial mobility and reduced sexual mores.</p><br>
<p>The records kept relating to the massacre were helpful in establishing a lengthy demographic history of the Kwaio people for ethnographer Roger M. Keesing; such a long record is possibly unique among traditional Melanesian societies.</p><br>
<p>The Baie de la Seine or Baie de Seine  is a bay in northern France.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is a wide, rectangular inlet of the English Channel, approximately 100 kilometres (east-west) by 45 kilometres, bounded in the west by the Cotentin Peninsula, in the south by the Normandy coast and in the east by the estuary of the river Seine at Le Havre. The coast alternates between sandy beaches and rocky promontories and, in general, it offers little shelter for shipping. At the western end of the bay are the Îles Saint-Marcouf.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Le Havre is the major port of the region; there are minor harbours at Barfleur, Port-en-Bessin, Courseulles-sur-Mer, Langrune-sur-Mer, Ouistreham, Trouville-sur-Mer and Honfleur.</p><br>
<p>Domestic and foreign tourists visit the coast, given its World War II associations, sandy beaches and proximity to Paris. There are coastal resorts at Arromanches, Deauville, Cabourg, Houlgate, Villers-sur-Mer, Trouville-sur-Mer and Honfleur.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue were naval battles fought off Barfleur and Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue in the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>The Normandy coast was the location, during World War II, of the main Allied landings in France; the unavailability of significant harbours caused the Allies to construct artificial harbours (Mulberries) at Arromanches and Omaha Beach. There are remains of these harbours at Arromanches.</p><br>
<p>Vlasina Lake  is a semi-artificial lake in Southeast Serbia. Lying at an altitude of 1,211 m, with an area of 16 km&sup2, it is the highest and largest artificial lake in Serbia. It was created in 1947–51 when the peat bog Vlasinsko blato  was closed off by a dam and submerged by the waters of incoming rivers, chiefly the Vlasina.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake lies at 42&deg;42&prime;N latitude, 22&deg;20&prime;E longitude on a plateau called Vlasina in the municipalities of Surdulica and Crna Trava. The plateau is surrounded by the mountains of Čemernik, Vardenik and Gramada. The lake runs North-South for a length of about 9.5 km and has a maximum width of approximately 3.5 km. Its average depth is 10.5 m and its maximum depth is 34 m, near the dam.</p><br>
<p>The central part of the lake is wide and 10 and deep. Its eastern coastline is jagged, with two bays: larger Biljanina bara and smaller Murin zaliv separated by Taraija peninsula. The southern part of the lake, between Bratanov del peninsula and the mouth of Božićki kanal is shallower (2 to 6 m), with swampy coasts and peat.</p><br>
<p>The dam is located in the northwestern part of the lake. It is an embankment dam, built of a concrete core with an earth-filled cover. First plans for the power plant were made in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, during the Interbellum. Construction ran from 1946 to 1948, when the reservoir was first filled. It is 239 m long, 139 m wide at the base and 5.5 m at the top, and 34 m high (of which 25.7 m is above the ground). The reservoir it creates has a volume of around 1.65 km3. Of these, 1.05 km3 is usable for hydroelectric exploitation. The system of 4 hydroelectric plants called Vrla (I-IV) lies downstream of the lake, on the Vrla River, with a total capacity of 125 MWh. A part of the hydroelectric system is the pump station "Lisina", which pumps in water from the nearby Lisina Lake, chiefly in summer months. Vlasina Lake is also fed by numerous streams, descending from the surrounding mountains. The water level varies, depending on the water influx and drainage of the dam. Two artificial canals enter the lake near the dam: Čemernički kanal from the west and Strvna from east.</p><br>
<p>The lake is most easily accessible from the southwestern side, by a 19 km long section of the M1.13 road from Surdulica, which itself lies 10 km east of the Niš-Skopje motorway on the E75 European Route. The road extends west, towards the Bulgarian border crossing at Strezimirovci, some 20 km away. Along the west shore, the regional road R122 leads across the dam towards Crna Trava in the north.</p><br>
<h3>Islands</h3><br>
<p>There are two permanent islands on the lake, along its eastern coast: Dugi del (7.84 hectare) and Stratorija (1.82 hectare). Along with those islands, one of the lake&#39;s most famous features are the floating islands, occurring when at high water level loose chunks of peat 0.5 to 2 m thick break off the shore. Driven by the wind, they float from one shore of the lake to another, carrying the flora and fauna, and serving as shelter and a food source for fish. For that reason, they are an attractive target for fishermen. The largest such island has an area of 8 hectare, and is referred to as "Moby-Dick" by the local population. It is overgrown with dense vegetation, including birch trees. However, most of the time it is anchored along the shore.</p><br>
<h3>Water</h3><br>
<p>The temperature of the water reaches 21 to 23 C in the summer months, making for refreshing swimming. It freezes in the winter and the ice crust can be as much as 2 m thick. The temperature also varies with location and depth. In the village of Topli Dol south of the lake, there is a water factory "Vlasinka", producing high-quality mineral water called "Vlasinska Rosa", a renowned brand in Serbia. It was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Biodiversity and protection</h2><br>
<p>The lakes flora and fauna are rich, and include several endemic species. It features over 850 species of flora and over 180 species of vertebrates, including rare species of mammals, reptiles and amphibians. The lakes surroundings are a mixture of meadows and high-altitude forests, especially birch, beech, pine and juniper (the former two indigenous, and the latter chiefly introduced by afforestation of the western shore). The indigenous trees downy birch and yellow beech (characteristic for its ever-yellow leaf color) stand out among the species of trees. Sundew is the only carnivorous plant in Serbia and is unique to the Vlasina region. Birdlife includes gray heron, tufted duck and cormorant. Mammalian species include wild boars, wolves and feral horses.</p><br>
<p>The lake is home to 16 species of fish. These include brown and Ohrid trout, perch, minnow, barbel, grass carp, common carp, crucian carp, tench, roach and others. Ohrid trout was stocked and it successfully adapted to the environment, making it a popular for fishing.</p><br>
<p>By the decision of Government of Serbia in 2006, the Vlasina region is protected as a nature preserve of special interest at category I. The total protected area is 12,741 hectare, of which 9.6 hectare are in the 1st level of protection (islands of Dugi Del and Stratorija), 4,354 hectare in the 2nd level and 8,377 hectare in the 3rd level of protection.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Current tourist capacity includes around 300 beds in hotels "Vlasina" and "Narcis", offering a modest range of services. Along with regular tourists, they often host sporting teams from Serbia and abroad, as the lake is a popular destination for summer training due to its high altitude. Sporting grounds include a large football field, small sports field and weightlifting room.</p><br>
<p>An ambitious project for development of tourism is planned for the Vlasina area by the country&#39;s Development plan and the Ministry of Tourism, and it is included in the "21 projects for the 21st century" plan. The planned facilities include a new tourist center Novi Rid, with 1000 beds and shopping center, tourist center Krstinci with 350 beds, center "Džukelice" for summer sports, a marina for sailboats (motorboats are forbidden on the lake), a number of ski lifts and facilities for Nordic skiing.</p><br>
<p>Touristic attractions could include the numerous churches from the 19th century in the area. Also, the region is known for many popular local legends, which include myths of the giant water beasts, fairies and the now submerged bridge which was allegedly built by the Crusaders on their way to Jerusalem.</p><br>
<p>The Big Duck is a ferrocement building in the shape of a duck located in Flanders, New York, on Long Island. It was originally built in 1931 by duck farmer Martin Maurer in nearby Riverhead, and used as a shop to sell ducks and duck eggs. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is a principal building on the Big Duck Ranch, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Big Duck is a prime example of literalism in advertising. The building measures 18 ft wide, 30 ft long and 20 ft tall to the top of the head. The duck&#39;s eyes are made from Ford Model T tail lights and the interior floor space is confined to 11 ft by 15 ft. The wood frame, wire mesh/concrete surface building was designed in the shape of a Pekin duck in order to house a retail poultry store.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Owner Martin Maurer had The Big Duck building constructed in 1930 and 1931 on a prime spot on the busy Main Street in the town of Riverhead on Long Island, New York. The builders Smith and Yeager completed the concrete finish work on the Big Duck which was featured in Atlas Cement&#39;s 1931 calendar. Merlin Yeager noted that most of the duck is actually finished with Portland Cement, but they ran out and finished with Atlas Cement. The Big Duck was also featured in Popular Mechanics magazine.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, Martin Maurer moved the building four miles (6 km) southeast to Flanders, where it occupied a prominent location near the duck barns and marshes of Maurers new duck ranch. The entire area, including Flanders and Riverhead, was the center of Long Islands well-known duck-farming industry. By 1939 there were about 90 duck farms in Suffolk County.</p><br>
<p>The Big Duck&#39;s unusual building and prime location helped garner much customer attention until it closed in 1984. In 1988, Suffolk County acquired The Big Duck and moved it to Route 24 on the edge of Sears-Bellows Pond County Park between Flanders and Hampton Bays on the eastern part of Long Island. The building houses a gift shop operated by the Friends for Long Island Heritage. In 2004, there was a movement to move the duck to Long Island MacArthur Airport, but the duck was returned to its Flanders location on October 6, 2007. Suffolk County continues to own it, maintains its interior and pays for staffing; Southampton Town maintains the exterior. The original 27 acre duck farm was purchased by the town in 2006.</p><br>
<p>During a short period, Long Island singer/songwriter Billy Joel and his then wife Christie Brinkley lived inside the duck while Brinkley lent her voice to a tape greeting for visitors.</p><br>
<p>The Big Duck was used as a setting in a sketch from Between the Lions called Moby Duck, a parody of Moby Dick. In this sketch, the duck was named Moby, and two sailors were enlisted on a voyage to search for the duck, although it was right behind the whole time.</p><br>
<p>As of November 2017, for the past 29 years at Christmas time, the Big Duck has been lit up with Christmas lights placed along a giant wreath which hangs around the duck&#39;s neck. Local residents hold a Christmas lighting ceremony each year when the lights are turned on, and the ceremony is covered by local news.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>Buildings such as this are classified as novelty architecture. However, in architecture the term "duck" is used more specifically to describe buildings that are in the shape of an everyday object to which they relate. According to the Long Island newspaper Newsday, "The Big Duck has influenced the world of architecture; any building that is shaped like its product is called a duck." Edward Tufte&#39;s The Visual Display of Quantitative Information uses the term "duck", explicitly named after this building, to describe irrelevant decorative elements in information design.</p><br>
<p>The Big Duck was the target of widespread criticism during the 1960s and early 1970s but the building did have its architectural defenders. Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown said that since the building combined functional and symbolic aspects of architecture it was noteworthy. It was Venturi and Scott Brown who coined the term "duck" to describe a building in which the architecture is subordinate to the overall symbolic form. However, they preferred the "decorated shed" as a model. On November 13, 2006, radio station WBLI rated the Flanders Duck first amongst the 7 wonders of Long Island, just ahead of the Commack Motor Inn</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Priestley House was the American home of 18th-century British theologian, Dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher , educator, and political theorist Joseph Priestley  from 1798 until his death. Located in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, the house, which was designed by Priestley&#39;s wife Mary, is Georgian with Federalist accents. The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission  operated it as a museum dedicated to Joseph Priestley from 1970 to August 2009, when it closed due to low visitation and budget cuts. The house reopened in October 2009, still owned by the PHMC but operated by the Friends of Joseph Priestley House .</p><br>
<p>Fleeing religious persecution and political turmoil in Britain, the Priestleys emigrated to the United States in 1794 seeking a peaceful life. Hoping to avoid the political troubles that had plagued them in Britain and the problems of urban life they saw in the United States, the Priestleys built a house in rural Pennsylvania. Nevertheless, political disputes and family troubles dogged Priestley during the last ten years of his life.</p><br>
<p>After the Priestleys died, their home remained in private hands until the turn of the 20th century, when George Gilbert Pond, a professor from what is now Pennsylvania State University, bought it and attempted to found the first Priestley museum. He died before he could complete the project and it was not until the 1960s that the house was first carefully restored by the PHMC and designated a National Historic Landmark. A second renovation was undertaken in the 1990s to return the home to the way it looked during Priestleys time. The home has been a frequent place of celebration for the American Chemical Society; they commemorated the centennial and bicentennial of the discovery of oxygen gas by Priestley as well as the 250th anniversary of Priestleys birth.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Following the Seven Years&#39; War (1756–63) and the forced migration of Native American tribes westward, German, Scots-Irish, and other European immigrants settled in the central Susquehanna Valley, including in the area that would become Northumberland, Pennsylvania. Northumberland was laid out around a central village green in 1772, on land originally purchased from the Iroquois by the Province of Pennsylvania in 1768, as part of the first Treaty of Fort Stanwix. During the American Revolution, the village was evacuated as part of the Big Runaway in 1778, and only finally resettled in 1784. In 1794, when the Priestleys moved there, it included Quaker and Wesleyan meeting houses, a brewery, two potteries, a potash manufacturer, a clock maker, a printer (who issued a weekly newspaper), several stores, and approximately one hundred houses.</p><br>
<p>The Priestley property, purchased in 1794 at a total cost of £500 (£ in ) from Reuben Haines, who had secured the patent to the land for Northumberland, comprised four lots of the original village plan (numbers 29–32). Currently, the house and grounds occupy 1 acre (4,000 m²) at 472 Priestley Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The propertys original area was 2 acres (8,000 m²), but this was reduced by about half around 1830 when the Pennsylvania Canal (North Branch Division) was dug through the houses front yard, between the house and river. On May 31, 1860, the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg Railroad opened with a train from Danville. This was the second railroad track in Northumberland, and ran behind the house. The canal closed in 1902 and was later filled in. The modern railroad line approximates the canal&#39;s course through the front yard; the track behind the house no longer exists.</p><br>
<h2>Priestleys in America</h2><br>
<h3>Emigration to Northumberland</h3><br>
<p>The last three years the Priestleys spent in Britain were a time of political upheaval and the persecution they experienced led to their eventual emigration to the United States. During the Birmingham Riots of 1791, which began on the second anniversary of the storming of the Bastille in the wake of the conservative British reaction against the French revolution, the Priestleys home, Josephs church, and the homes of many other religious Dissenters were burned. The Priestleys fled Birmingham and attempted to live in London, but they could not escape the political turmoil. In 1794, they joined the tide of 10,000 emigrants who moved to America—it was the largest emigration from Europe to America until the end of the Napoleonic Wars. The Priestleys left Britain at the beginning of April on the Samson and arrived in New York City on June 4, 1794. Two of their three sons, Joseph, Jr. (eldest) and Harry (youngest), had already emigrated to the United States in August 1793, along with Joseph Priestley&#39;s friend, the radical activist Thomas Cooper. Their middle son, William, had moved to America from France, probably early in 1793, following the September massacres of the previous year.</p><br>
<p>Although Europeans knew Priestley best as a scientist (he had discovered oxygen gas in 1774), Americans knew him best as a defender of religious freedom and as an advocate for American independence. Immediately upon his arrival, he was fêted by various political factions vying to gain his support. Priestley declined their entreaties, however, hoping to avoid the political discord that had embroiled him in Britain. He wrote to John Adams that he "made it a rule to take no part whatever in the politics of a country in which I am a stranger, and in which I only wish to live undisturbed". (Priestley never became a citizen of the United States.) He also turned down an opportunity to teach chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania at this time.</p><br>
<p>On their way to Northumberland, the Priestleys stopped in Philadelphia, where Joseph gave a series of sermons that helped promote the spread of Unitarianism. According to J. D. Bowers, who studied Priestleys influence on Unitarianism in America, "or a decade Priestley served as the inspiration and leading force in the spread of Unitarianism in America and the formation of numerous societies that followed his teachings on congregational formation, the education of youth, lay preaching, and espousing ones faith in the presence of opposition from (and to) both the Protestant majority and a competing liberal faction." Through Priestleys influence, at least twelve congregations were founded in Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky, including the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia and Northumberlands Unitarian Universalist Congregation of the Susquehanna Valley. When he preached, Unitarians and non-Unitarians flocked to hear him and his sermons were published throughout the country. During his years in America, Priestley became increasingly convinced that the Millennium was approaching. His close study of the Bible, together with the happenings in France, persuaded him that he would see Christ&#39;s return.</p><br>
<p>While Priestley enjoyed preaching in Philadelphia, he could not afford the expense of living there; he also disliked the city&#39;s opulent Quakers and feared the yellow fever epidemic that had recently decimated the city. He considered settling in Germantown, which had better access to transportation and communication than Northumberland, but Mary preferred the country and wanted to be near her sons. Joseph considered splitting his time between Northumberland and Philadelphia, but this plan became impractical. Determined to ensure the future economic stability of his family, Priestley bought land and settled in Northumberland by July 1794, which was "five days of rough travel" north of Philadelphia. There they hoped a larger community would eventually blossom.</p><br>
<h3>Settling in</h3><br>
<p>Priestley seems to have yearned for a more cosmopolitan community than Northumberland provided, writing to his sister that it was "seemingly almost out of the world" and complaining that he had to wait a week for news. He wrote to his friend John Vaughan: "We know but little more than we did when we left you of European affairs." In the winter of 1794–95, Priestley wrote to friends that his situation was very "distant from my original views" and "my time here is far from passing so agreeably as it did in England", yet he was "very thankful for such an asylum" and he attempted "to make the best of my situation". In his letters to friends back in Britain, Priestley consistently referred to himself as an exile and to England as his real home. Mary was happier with the couple&#39;s situation and wrote to William Vaughan: "I am happy and thankful to meet with so sweet a situation and so peaceful a retreat as the place I now write from. Dr. Priestley also likes it and of his own choice intends to settle here, which is more than I hoped for at the time we came up...This country is very delightful, the prospects of wood and water more beautiful than I have ever seen before and the people plain and decent in their manners."</p><br>
<p>Priestley’s son Joseph Priestley Jr. was a leading member of a consortium that purchased 300,000 acre of land along Loyalsock Creek (between the North and West Branches of the Susquehanna River). Shortly thereafter, Thomas Cooper, a friend of Joseph Priestleys, published a pamphlet in Britain titled Some Information Respecting America, meant to encourage others to settle in Pennsylvania and offering instructions on how to do so. It detailed a clear plan for establishing and financing a settlement. The French translation, Renseignemens sur lAmérique, was, according to one scholar, "carefully phrased in legal terminology" and "lucidly outline an ambitious financial venture". However, it is unclear whether Cooper&#39;s scheme was related to the lands that the younger Priestleys had purchased.</p><br>
<p>Apparently technically unrelated to either of these schemes, but influenced by Coopers, poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, full of idealism and angered at Priestleys treatment in Birmingham, intended to emigrate to America and establish a utopian community which they called "Pantisocracy" (derived from the Greek for "equal rule of all"). They assembled twelve couples who were interested not only in demanding physical labor but also in a life of the mind, but none of them had enough money to embark on the project, which required much capital. Therefore, the poets undertook a lecture tour of England to raise funds; however, they never generated enough money and never emigrated. The utopia was not built and few immigrants arrived in Northumberland as a result of Cooper&#39;s schemes.</p><br>
<p>After the failure of Cooper&#39;s endeavor, Priestley attempted to convince other friends to move to Northumberland, particularly those he had made in America, but to no avail. Priestley wrote in his Memoirs that "the settlement was given up, but being here, and my wife and myself liking the place, I have determined to take up my residence here, though subject to many disadvantages. Philadelphia was excessively expensive, and this a comparatively cheap place; and my sons, settling in the neighborhood, will be less exposed to temptation, and more likely to form habits of sobriety and industry."</p><br>
<h3>Last years</h3><br>
<p>Priestley&#39;s attempts to avoid political controversy in the United States failed. In 1794, the journalist William Cobbett published Observations on the Emigration of Dr. Joseph Priestley, which falsely accused Priestley of stirring up rebellion in Britain, and attempted to undermine his scientific credibility. His political fortunes took an even worse turn when Cobbett obtained a set of letters sent to Priestley by the radical printer John Hurford Stone and the liberal novelist Helen Maria Williams. Cobbett published the letters in his newspaper, asserting that Priestley and his friends were fomenting a revolution. Priestley was eventually forced to defend himself in print.</p><br>
<p>Family matters also made Priestleys time in America difficult. His youngest son Harry died on December 11, 1795, probably of malaria. Mary Priestley died on September 17, 1796; she was already ill and never fully recovered after the shock of her sons death. On September 19 of that year Joseph wrote: "This day I bury my wife....she had taken much thought in planning the new house and now that it is far advanced and promises to be everything she wished, she is removed to another." After dinner on Monday 14 April 1800, various members of Priestleys household fell ill, with symptoms of food poisoning, which prompted the Reading Advertiser to falsely accuse Priestleys son William, of trying to poison them with arsenic.</p><br>
<p>Priestley continued the educational projects that had been important to him throughout his life, helping to establish a "Northumberland Academy" and donating his library to the fledging institution. He exchanged letters regarding the proper structure of a university with Thomas Jefferson, who used the advice when founding the University of Virginia. Jefferson and Priestley became close and when he had completed his General History of the Christian Church, he dedicated it to President Jefferson, writing that "it is now only that I can say I see nothing to fear from the hand of power, the government under which I live being for the first time truly favourable to me." Of all of the religious works Priestley published in the United States, and there were many, it was his four-volume General History that was the most important. Stretching from 475 CE to Priestley&#39;s present, he tracked and explained what he saw as the history of Christianity and its "corruptions", referencing his own An History of the Corruptions of Christianity (1772–74). However, he ended it by praising American religious toleration.</p><br>
<p>Priestley attempted to continue his scientific investigations in America with the support of the American Philosophical Association. However, he was hampered by lack of news from Europe; unaware of the latest scientific developments, Priestley was no longer on the forefront of discovery. Although the majority of his publications focused on defending the outmoded phlogiston theory against the "new chemistry", he also did some original work on spontaneous generation and dreams. As Robert Schofield, Priestley&#39;s major modern biographer, explains:</p><br>
<p>Priestley published more scientific items during his decade in the United States than during all his years in England: some 45 papers, not counting reprintings, and four pamphlets, not counting subsequent editions, but in general his science was now anticlimactic. Few of his papers contributed anything significantly new to the field of chemistry; most were committed to combatting the new chemistry.</p><br>
<p>Despite Priestley&#39;s reduced scientific importance, he stimulated an interest in chemistry in America.</p><br>
<p>By 1801, Priestley had become so ill that he could no longer write or experiment effectively. On February 3, 1804, Joseph started a last experiment in his lab but was too weak to continue it. He went to a bed in his library, where he died three days later. Priestley&#39;s epitaph reads:</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and landscaping</h2><br>
<p>Joseph and Mary lived with their son Joseph, Jr. and his family in a small house while theirs was being built. By 1797, Josephs laboratory was completed—the first part of the home to be finished. It was the first laboratory that "he had designed, built, and outfitted entirely himself" and was probably the first "scientifically-equipped laboratory" in the United States. Joseph continued his scientific and scholarly work in his new laboratory, identifying carbon monoxide (which he called "heavy inflammable air"). In 1798 Joseph Jr., his wife, and their children moved into the new house with Joseph Priestley. The house also held Priestleys library, which contained about 1600 volumes by his death in 1804 and was one of the largest in America at the time. The Priestley family held Unitarian church services in the drawing room and Joseph educated a group of young men until the local Northumberland Academy that he helped found was completed.</p><br>
<p>The house proper was completed in 1798, with a Mr. Jones of Northumberland employed acting as master carpenter. Built in an 18th-century Georgian style, the "balance and symmetry" of the architecture signaled "subdued elegance". The house was accented with Federalist highlights, such as "the fanlights over the doors and the balustrades on the rooftop belvedere and main staircase", marking it as distinctly American. Douglas R. McMinn, in the National Register of Historic Places nomination for the Northumberland Historic District, calls it a "mansion" that is "probably the finest example of the Federal style in the region". As William N. Richardson, the site administrator for the Joseph Priestley House in the 1990s, notes, Priestley&#39;s American home did not resemble his "high-style Georgian town house" that was destroyed in Birmingham; rather, it was "plain" and built in the "American vernacular".</p><br>
<p>The house has a two-and-half story central section, which is 48 feet (14.6 m) by 43 feet (13.1 m), and two one-story wings on the north and south sides that are each 22 feet (6.7 m) by 21 feet (6.4 m). The first and second floors have a total area of 5,052 square feet (469 m²). The north wing was the laboratory and the south wing (which had an attached woodshed) was the summer kitchen. The cellar, first, and second floors of the central section are each divided into four rooms, with a central hall on the first and second floors; the first floor also has an intersecting hall that leads to the laboratory. The attic has three rooms for servants and a larger room for storage. A paint analysis done in 1994 revealed that the house had no wall paper initially and that the walls and woodwork were painted "a brilliant white".</p><br>
<p>The house is a frame structure, covered with white wooden clapboards, anchored to a stone foundation. The Priestleys built their home out of wood, dried in trenches on the site, The central section of the house has a slate gable roof with a railing-enclosed deck. The house has "three internal gable end chimneys, one for the main kitchen", and one each at the north and south ends of the central section.</p><br>
<p>The house faces the Susquehanna River, and both the front and rear doors are "sheltered by a shallow portico". A circular carriage drive (originally gravel, now concrete) leads to the front door, which also has a fanlight. There are five windows on the second floor on both the front and rear sides of the house, with a dentil cornice above both sets of windows. The external details on the house also include a "frieze board with triglyphs".</p><br>
<p>Originally, delightful panoramic views were visible from the home. It was built facing the Susquehanna River so that visitors arriving by boat could be welcomed by the family and because conventional 18th-century aesthetic theory held that countryscapes were more beautiful than townscapes. Priestley built a high wall blocking the view of Northumberland and added a belvedere to the top of his house to more easily survey the landscape. His plantings were "a much scaled-down version of the beautiful gardens" at Bowood, the estate of his former employer Lord Shelburne.</p><br>
<p>The lack of skilled craftspeople in Northumberland made the construction of the house difficult. For example, Richardson speculates that the main staircase was assembled from a kit. It is one step too short for the Northumberland hallway, but no extra step was added to finish off the symmetry of the stairwell, suggesting a dearth of skilled labor.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership and museum</h2><br>
<p>After the deaths of Mary and Joseph Priestley, Joseph Priestley, Jr. and his wife, Elizabeth Ryland, continued to live in the house until 1811, at which time they emigrated to Britain and sold the home. The house passed through various hands during the 19th century. Judge Seth Chapman purchased the house from Joseph Priestley Jr. on May 13, 1815 for US$6,250 ($ in ). Chapman died on December 4, 1835, and Rev. James Kay, pastor of the Northumberland Unitarian congregation, and his family lived in the house next. James Kay died on September 22, 1847 and his widow probably lived in the house until her October 2, 1850 death. Charles H. Kay, son of James, had purchased the house in 1845, a few years before his parents deaths. In April 1865 Charles Kays children sold the house to Henry R. Campbell for $2,775 ($ in ). Florence Bingham purchased the house from Campbell for $5,679.53 on January 18, 1868 ($ in ), and Bingham&#39;s heirs sold it to T. Hugh Johnson for $2,000 on October 7, 1882 ($ in ). Kate Scott bought the house for $3,000 on April 11, 1888 ($ in ). In 1911 the last private resident moved out of the house, and it was sublet to the Pennsylvania Railroad for its workers (a large railroad yard was built in Northumberland at this time). This led to a general decline in the house and its grounds.</p><br>
<p>Professor George Gilbert Pond was the first person to make a significant effort to establish a permanent Priestley museum at the Priestley House. After raising sufficient funds, he managed to purchase the home at auction for $6,000 from Scotts heirs on November 24, 1919 ($ in ). Pond believed that construction of a new railroad line would destroy the house, and so intended to move it to Pennsylvania State College (now Pennsylvania State University). However, he died on May 20, 1920 before this plan could be enacted; the planned rail line was never built and the house proved too fragile to move. The college established a memorial fund in Ponds honor and retained the house as a museum, although Ponds children did not formally transfer the house to the college until April 14, 1932. Some restoration of the house was done in the 1920s, and a small, brick building—intended as a fireproof museum for Priestleys books and scientific apparatus—was built on the grounds and dedicated to Pond&#39;s memory in 1926. In 1941 the state legislature tried to have the State Historical Commission administer the house as a museum, but Governor Arthur James vetoed the plan for lack of funding.</p><br>
<p>On December 14, 1955, the college donated the house to the borough of Northumberland. From 1955 to 1959 the house served as both the borough hall for Northumberland and as a museum. Eventually, in 1968 the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) began restoring it and in October 1970 the museum was opened to the public. The renovations included a restoration of the laboratory, a removal of ornamentation added in the Victorian era, a return of doorways to their original locations, and a return of the shutters "to their original locations inside the windows". The PHMC was supported by "The Friends of the Joseph Priestley House" (FJPH), who help with the visitor center, tours, special events, and outreach, as well as with clerical and museum work.</p><br>
<p>Between 1998 and 1999 a renovation that was "one of the most extensive changes in the homesteads history" set out to "restore the grounds around the house to exactly the way it was when Priestley lived" there. This involved reconstructing exact replicas of the original carriage barn, hog sties, horse stalls, gardens, fences, and even the privy. These structures were based on T. Lambournes drawings of the house and grounds that had been discovered in 1983, other records, and excavations. Priestley left no written description of his laboratory, but much is known of his experiments and late-18th-century laboratories. Extensive research on the laboratory within the house was completed in 1996, including excavations that revealed two underground ovens, as well as evidence of a primitive fume hood. The 1998 renovations also included work to restore the laboratory to a condition as close to its original state as possible.</p><br>
<p>After Josephs death, Thomas Cooper sold a collection of some of his friends apparatus and other personal belongings to Dickinson College in Carlisle, which exhibits it each year when presenting the schools Priestley Award to a scientist who makes "discoveries which contribute to the welfare of mankind". The house lost its original furnishings when Joseph Jr. and his family moved back to England. Since it is not known what was originally in the home, it is furnished and decorated with artifacts donated by descendants of the Priestleys and with ones similar to those listed in Priestleys testament of what was lost in the fire at his Birmingham home. A number of items that belonged to Joseph and Mary during their lives both in Britain and America are on display throughout the house, including Josephs balance scales and microscope. Portraits, prints, maps, charts, and books have been carefully selected to replicate the Priestleys holdings. A bedroom on the second floor is dedicated to an exploration of the life of an 18th-century woman.</p><br>
<p>On January 12, 1965, the Joseph Priestley House was designated a National Historic Landmark and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on October 15, 1966. On August 1, 1994, the American Chemical Society named it the second National Historic Chemical Landmark; the dedication ceremony was attended by 75 Priestley descendants. In 1988, the Northumberland Historic District, including the Priestley House (which it describes as a "gem" and one of the finest Federal style buildings in central Pennsylvania), was listed on the NRHP. The district includes one other building already on the NRHP: the Priestley-Forsyth Memorial Library, which was built as an inn around 1820 and was owned by a great-grandson of the Priestleys in the 1880s. Today it serves as Northumberland&#39;s public library. The Joseph Priestley Memorial Chapel, which is a contributing structure in the historic district, was built in 1834 by his grandson, and is home to a Unitarian Universalist congregation that considers Priestley its founder.</p><br>
<p>Under the PHMC, the museum was open ten months a year, closing between early January and early March. In 2007 and 2008 the number of visitors held steady after recent declines. According to the PHMC, in fiscal 2007–08 "total visitation... was 1,705 with a paid visitation of 1,100 generating $4,125 in program revenue and 2,406 recreational and non-ticketed visitors". The fiscal 2006–07 operations budget for the house and its two full-time staff was $142,901, with $6,900 (five percent) coming from FJPH and the rest from the state of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>On March 4, 2009 the PHMC released a report examining its 22 museums and historic sites and recommended discontinuing operations at six, including the Joseph Priestley House. The proposed closure of the Priestley House was based on "low visitation and limited potential for growth". Despite public meetings, protest letters, and a general "public outcry" against closure, on August 14, 2009 the state closed the Priestley House and three other PHMC museums indefinitely due to a lack of funding as part of an ongoing budget crisis. The sole remaining state employee at Priestley House was furloughed. That month the Friends of the Joseph Priestley House submitted a plan to the PHMC to operate the house on weekends from May to October with staffing provided by volunteers. The plan depended both on acquiring insurance for the volunteers, the house, and its contents, and on the state passing a budget.</p><br>
<p>On September 24, 2009 the PHMC and officers of the FJPH signed an agreement to reopen the museum on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. The house reopened on October 3, with volunteer staffing from the FJPH. The agreement can be renewed annually and lets FJPH "schedule programs, set fees and be in charge of all the business aspects of running the site". On November 1, there was a "grand reopening celebration" at the house with a dozen costumed volunteer guides and chemical demonstrations in Priestleys laboratory. On November 7, 2010 the brick Pond building was rededicated after an $85,000 renovation, as part of the museums annual "Fall Heritage Day". The restoration, which had been planned for years, was paid for by private donors and included "handicapped accessibility, new roofing, heating and air-conditioning and new interior walls, ceilings and lighting". The FJPH plan to install a timeline of Priestley&#39;s scientific work and times in the Pond building, as well as a video about his laboratory techniques and impact today.</p><br>
<h3>American Chemical Society</h3><br>
<p>The American Chemical Society (ACS) has used the Joseph Priestley House as a place to mark special celebrations. On July 31 and August 1, 1874, "seventy-seven chemists made a pilgrimage to the site to celebrate the centennial of chemistry". The date was chosen to mark the hundredth anniversary of Priestleys experiment producing oxygen by heating mercuric oxide with a magnifying lens and sunlight. These chemists came from 15 US states and the District of Columbia, Canada, and England, and their meeting at the house and a local school "is now recognized as the first National Chemistry Congress, and many ACS historians believe it led to ACSs formation two years later on April 6, 1876". On September 5, 1926, about 500 ACS members met again at the home to dedicate the small brick museum and to celebrate the meeting 50 years earlier (two survivors of that first meeting were present).</p><br>
<p>Representatives of the ACS were present at the October 1970 dedication of the house as a museum. On April 25, 1974 around 400 chemists from the ACS Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting in Scranton came to visit the home. The Priestley Medal, the highest and oldest honor awarded by the ACS, was awarded to Paul Flory at the house that day. (A replica of the Priestley Medal is on display at the house.) On August 1, 1974—what has been labeled the bicentennial of the discovery of oxygen—over 500 chemists attending the third Biennial Conference on Chemical Education at State College traveled to the house to celebrate "Oxygen Day". In October 1976, the ACS celebrated its own centennial with a celebration in Northumberland. A 100-plus piece replica of Priestleys laboratory equipment, made by universities, corporations, and the Smithsonian Institution, was presented to the house for display. On April 13, 1983, ACS President Fred Basolo spoke at the house to celebrate Priestleys 250th birthday and as part of a first day of issue ceremony for the United States Postal Services Joseph Priestley commemorative stamp. In 2001 the ACS again met at the house to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the society, and reenacted parts of the 1874 and 1926 celebrations, including a march to Priestleys grave, at which each participant left a red rose.</p><br>
<p>Lough Hyne  is a marine lake in West Cork, Ireland, about 5 km southwest of Skibbereen. It was designated as Ireland&#39;s first Marine Nature Reserve in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Lough Hyne was probably a freshwater lake until about four millennia ago, when rising sea levels flooded it with saline ocean water. The lake is now fed by tidal currents that rush in from the Atlantic through Barloge Creek. The stretch between the creek and the lake is known as "The Rapids." The lake&#39;s small size, only 0.8 km by 0.6 km, creates an unusual habitat of highly oxygenated yet warm seawater that sustains an enormous variety of plants and animals, many of which are not found anywhere else in Ireland. A wide variety of environments such as cliffs, salt marsh, beach, and areas of greatly varying water movement add to the area&#39;s biodiversity. Some of the seawalls around the lake and the Rapids were built as relief work during the Great Hunger.</p><br>
<p>Scientific investigation of the area began in 1886 when Rev. William Spottswood Green first recorded the presence of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Prof. Louis Renouf resumed the scientific work in 1923 and promoted it as a &#39;biological station&#39; and sustained studies have been carried out there since then. An illustrated history of the marine research was published in 2011 &#39;Lough Hyne: The Marine Researchers - in Pictures&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The area is a tourist attraction with a permanent exhibition on the lough and its importance at nearby http://www.skibbheritage.com/ Skibbereen Heritage Centre. The ruins of Saint Bridgit&#39;s Church are on the shores of the lake, as well as holy wells, Tobarín Súl and Skour Well, on the side of Knockomagh Hill. Castle Island is located in the center of the lake where the ruins of Cloghan Castle, once a fortress of the O&#39;Driscoll clan, are still visible. A nature trail up Knockomagh Hill offers superb views of the lough and the surrounding area. Lough Hyne is a popular kayaking and swimming destination for locals and tourists in the summer.</p><br>
<p>Fanshawe Lake, is a small man-made lake east of London, Ontario. It is fed by the Thames River from the north, and is separated from the river to the southwest by Fanshawe Dam.</p><br>
<p>The Lake is a popular choice for boaters during the summer months, and also features many low flying aircraft, as the lake is used to line up approaches for aircraft landing in the airport to the south. The reservoir was closed to swimming in 2009 due to the presence of blue/green algae.</p><br>
<p>Fanshawe Lake is a popular rowing venue, hosting several regattas throughout the year, the lake is home to the London Training Centre for Canadas womens national rowing team, the University of Western Ontario&#39;s rowing team and Western-Middlesex Rowing Club.</p><br>
<p>The Fanshawe Lake trail also surrounds the lake, a 22–25 km dirt path that is popular for mountain biking, trail running, and hiking. The path is known for providing scenic views of the lake from different vantage points.</p><br>
<p>The historic site of Abbotshaugh Community Woodland, located on the south bank of the River Carron, has witnessed many changes over the past 500 years. The recently planted woodland hopes to recreate a naturally regenerating mature woodland within an area consisting of a mosaic of planted woodland, remnant hedgerows, grassland and saltmarsh. The woodland provides a year round home for many species including Roe deer, foxes, buzzards and kestrels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>16th and 17th Century (Cartography, Timothy Pont, Joan Blaeu)</h3><br>
<p>The original course of the River Carron can be viewed as a digital image on the National Library of Scotland website. M.S.32, the particular survey of interest is one of many by Timothy Pont who completed a universal survey of Scotland on foot between 1583 and 1614. The work was never published in his lifetime, after Ponts death in 1614 James VI planned to purchase the materials however due to the turbulence of the times they lay forgotten. Sir John Scot, Lord Scotstarvit enlisted Robert Gordon of Straloch and his son James Gordon. In 1641 the surviving manuscripts were carried to Amsterdam, there they revised Ponts maps with the aid of Joan Blaeu. Whilst in Amsterdam in 1645, Sir John Scot dictated from memory the description of several districts, this was accompanied by a Royal letter from Charles I. The works were finally published in the Geographiæ Blaeuaniæ volumen quintum by Joan Blaeu in 1654. Ponts M.S.32 shows the river north of Falkirk, the lands of Abbotshaugh south of the River Carron are marked as "A "east of N. Daldarfe, Joan Blaeus edition of Stirlingshire shows much the same except for the addition of trees, between the two trees N/E of N. Daldarfe, again the letter "A" can be found, representing Abbotshaugh. This is not clear on the digital images but can be seen on the reproduction maps published jointly by Collins Bartholomew and the Royal Scottish Geographical Society who own one of the original Blaeu&#39;s edition of Stirlingshire.</p><br>
<h3>18th Century (Carron Iron Works, Charles Gascoigne, )</h3><br>
<p>The River Carron of today is man-made and since the destruction of Arthurs OOn has seen many changes, when Carron Iron works was established, they used the river to power their mills and to transport the raw materials and finished products. Charles Gascoigne played a prominent part in the makeup of the river, and the woodlands surrounding the area, he was married to Mary, daughter of Samuel Garbett, a founding partner of Carron Iron Works in 1759. Gascoigne became a partner in Carron Iron Works in 1765, presumably because the Board of Ordinance granted the works a contract to supply armaments to the British Armed Forces in 1764 and he acqustraited the building of parts for James Watt&#39;s steam engine in 1765. By this time the Carron Iron Works had come to be at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution, later, boasting the largest Iron works in Europe. In reward, The Carron House was built for him ca. 1759 - 1773 by Francis/Samuel Garbett and Co. He became manager of the Carron Iron Works in 1769 and thus set out to improve the quality of the end product, in 1773 the Carron Iron Works were awarded a Royal Charter however the quality of the pig iron and cast iron had deteriorated to the point where in the same year, 1773, the Royal Navy contracts were cancelled. Thanks to Charles Gascoigne much of the landscape wehe has changed has remained unchanged to this day, as well as straightening the river, lands on both sides of the river were improved and as a consequence brought greater profit to the lairds of the day.</p><br>
<h3>20th and 21st Century (Local Planning, Planting, Correct Naming, The Helix Project)</h3><br>
<p>The first community planting was the result of an advert in The Falkirk Herald. The area planted in March 1996 was the site of Dalderse Mill Farm which was the last working farm in the Dawson ward of Falkirk. The second area planted in March 1998 was Farm Road Community Woodland which incorporated memorial plantings. The third area planted was Cobblebrae Community Woodland in March 2000. All sites were planted as a native mixed woodland.</p><br>
<p>By 2001 there was some confusion regarding the areas that were planted and so a community group from the Dawson Ward of Falkirk called the Abbotshaugh Alliance was formed to represent the community interest.The name Abbotshaugh was chosen because it is an historically correct name for the land where the first and second planting took place. The Abbotshaugh Alliance (AA) was then amalgamated into the Abbotshaugh Community Woodlands Group (ACWG).</p><br>
<p>Abbotshaugh Alliance had an for local residents to show support for the local community woodland and at the same time it allowed them to bring up any concerns. A report was written up following the feedback from the day.</p><br>
<p>From 2004 The Abbotshaugh Community Woodlands Group pushed forward with funding for the local area, garnering interest from around the country The artist Jephson Robb who was commissioned to design the took part in a discussion with local residents of the area at Callendar House on the 25th April 2012. All of the work carried out by various community groups and organisations throughout the years have led to the vast support and go ahead in the local area for The Helix Project which is situated at the end of the Forth and Clyde Canal. Incorporated into Helix Falkirk is the The Helix Around Town Tour is a 16-mile circular cycle route starting at Falkirk Stadium and connecting The Helix, The Falkirk Wheel and Callendar Park. It has several sections in the Abbotshaugh Community Woodlands.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>v Carron Iron works Reports of cases decided in the House of lords: upon appeal from Scotland from 1753 to 1813 pp. 61 – 72 Thomas S. Paton</p><br>
<p>Ewaso Ng&#39;iro is a river in Kenya which rises on the west side of Mount Kenya and flows north then east and finally south-east, passing through Somalia where it joins the Jubba River.</p><br>
<p>The upper basin of the Ewaso Ngiro River is 15,200 km&sup2;. The river has a continuous water supply due to the glaciers on Mount Kenya. Ewaso Ngiro crosses seven arid to semi-arid landscapes. It is characterized by vastly different physiographic features and species and has become a fundamental component to the survival of the wildlife, as well as the expansion of human population and socio-economic developments. Water, the limited land resource provided by the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed is unevenly distributed throughout the higher and lower regions of the catchment due to the large percentage necessary to maintain agricultural practices and climatic changes (Mutiga, Su, and Woldai 3).</p><br>
<p>The rivers name is derived from the local communitys language. It means the river of brown or muddy water. It is also called by some the "Ewaso Nyiro."</p><br>
<p>In the arid North of Kenya, water means life. The waters of this great river draw wildlife in great numbers to its banks, creating an oasis of green. Samburu, Shaba and Buffalo Springs National Reserves in Northern Kenya teem with wildlife in an otherwise arid land, because of the water of the river.</p><br>
<p>Below Sericho, the river expands into the Lorian Swamp, a large area of wetlands. The ecological diversity throughout the catchment is unique to the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed specifically, as it Originates from the high Agriculturally potential lands of Mount Kenya, Right at Thome Area of Nanyuki-Laikipia County, that means the exact start point of this River is at the Thome village where it is formed out of coveyance of Naromoru River, sourcing water from Mt. Kenya and Ngarinyiru River sourcing water from Aberdares and it flows over the following seven arid to semi arid land (ASAL) districts: Meru, Laikipia, Samburu, Isiolo, Wajir, Marsabit, and Garissa (Said et al. 14). Following the independence of Kenya, the stretches of land covered by the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed shifted ownership from the colonial farmers to small scale farmers (Thenya et al. 2). The catchment became a main resource for the small scale farmers to support their agropastorial practices and developing livelihoods (Thenya et al. 2).</p><br>
<p>Ewaso Narok river is one of its tributaries. Thomson&#39;s Falls near Nyahururu town are located along Ewaso Narok.</p><br>
<h2>Resource Availability</h2><br>
<p>“Kenya’s renewable supply of fresh water is less than 650 cubic meters per capita per year, making it one of the most water-scarce countries in the world” states the African Development Fund (African Development Fund 6). Although the Ewaso Ng’iro is the largest of five water catchments in Kenya, a shortage in natural resource availability has become prevalent ever so increasingly in the past few years (Said et al. 5).</p><br>
<p>Climate Change</p><br>
<p>The tributaries that drain into the catchment have progressively began to dry up, particularly throughout the dry seasons of the year (Mutiga, Su, and Woldai 102). Other changes such as “unreliable rainfall patterns and quantities and decreasing discharge during the low flow periods” also have significant impacts on all aspects of the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed (Aeschbacher, Liniger and Weingartner 155,156). The water catchment lies predominantly through arid to semi arid landscapes where the annual levels of rainfall and precipitation have seemingly decreased over the years (Mutiga, Su, and Woldai 102). As uneven water distribution has become a complex issue, the ability to support the ecosystem’s vegetation and wildlife will decrease, and human populations and developments will faced with ongoing sustainability challenges.</p><br>
<p>Evapotranspiration</p><br>
<p>Such phenomenon as mentioned above may be interconnected to the evapotranspiration levels in the catchment, however, obtaining a direct measurement of such energy exchanges has proven to be difficult and complex process (Mutiga, Su, and Woldai 100).</p><br>
<h2>Environmental Sustainability</h2><br>
<p>The Ewaso Ng’iro watershed stretches over a diverse variety of ecosystems from the high regions of Mount Kenya to the lower arid to semi arid regions of land. Each ecosystem delivers a unique contribution to the land and people of Kenya as they interact with one another to achieve a sustainable equilibrium.</p><br>
<p>Wetland</p><br>
<p>The wetland ecosystems which are located in the higher</p><br>
<p>regions of Mount Kenya provide a natural water filtration system, a variety of plant and animal species, and nutrients for all other species and ecosystems (Said et al. 8). Due to the recent population influx, Kenya’s wetlands have deteriorated, and establishments have become a major hindrance to the ecosystem services (Thenya et al. 6).</p><br>
<p>Agro-ecosystem</p><br>
<p>Agro-ecosystems are common in developments in the higher regions of the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed and contribute the forage necessary to sustain wildlife, livestock, as well as human populations (Said et al. 8). By supporting and sustaining all the different ecosystems throughout the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed, it will allow for the environment to flourish as naturally as possible. Disturbances in the ecosystems will impact the growth and sustainability of other species.</p><br>
<h2>Developmental Sustainability</h2><br>
<p>The importance of sustaining the ecosystems that are supported by the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed are crucial for the established populations on both a personal and developmental level. Since 2009, the population that resides in the Ewaso Ng’iro catchment has increased by slightly over 1.5 million in the past 42 years (Said et al. 14). This increase has been seen in particularly the middle to upper regions of the catchment mainly for agropastorial settlements. (Kiteme and Gikonyo 333). A large percentage of water is used by the upper regions of the catchment for irrigation of crops that contributes to the sustainability of “current and future degradation of ecosystems that affect the livelihoods and sustainability and long term efforts to reduce poverty (Payet and Obura 24). Human populations rely heavily on the environment and ecosystems as a means of support in terms of “provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services, and supporting services” as briefly outlined by The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Said et al. 9). In the more densely populated areas around the Ewaso Ng’iro catchment, market establishments have begun forming with the small scale farmers as a major contributor (Said et al. 27). The over exploitation of natural resource in the upper regions of the catchment are increasingly making development process and agricultural practices more difficult for those situated near the lower regions (Mutiga, Su, and Woldai 102). Humans have increased their livelihood and developments through the utilization of the ecosystems in the Ewaso Ng’iro catchment however, severe consequences may arise due to the exploitation and climatic changes that strongly influence the availability to access water.</p><br>
<h2>Conflicts</h2><br>
<p>Due to the arid to semi arid landscapes which surround the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed, levels of availability to access and utilize the water decrease as the demand for human consumption and agricultural systems increase (Said et al. 14). Populations situated near the higher regions of the catchment have much greater availability to the natural resource, and have utilized them for agropastorial purposes. However, when these practices are paired up with Kenya’s arid to semi arid landscape climatic changes, the downstream population’s access to the natural resource has become much more limited (Weismann et al. 12). Those situated in the lower regions of the Ewaso Ng’iro watershed have faced unremitting pressure to access the natural resource to continue to sustain their growing human population and developments (Kiteme and Gikonyo 332). According to the Mountain and Research Development team, “these transboundary problems add to the cultural, religious and political tensions existing in most societies which today are being increasingly integrated into the world economy” (Hurni 386).</p><br>
<p>The White Tank Mountains are a mountain range located in central Arizona. The mountains are on the western periphery of the Phoenix metropolitan area, primarily flanked by the suburban cities of Buckeye to the southwest, and Surprise to the northeast. The mountain range is home to the White Tank Mountain Regional Park and is a regional recreation hub.</p><br>
<p>The range, often referred to simply as the White Tanks, is a moderate-sized mountain range whose peaks rise to an elevation around 4,000 ft. The range consists of a series of numerous ridges and canyons, and as such, lacks a single, prominent peak. The highest point in the range, at an altitude of 4,083 ft, is Barry Goldwater Peak.</p><br>
<p>The mountain range was formed through tectonic activities as part of a detachment fault sometime in the mid-Tertiary period, about 30 million years ago. As a fairly young (in geologic terms) mountain range, it has not been subject to the forces of erosion for long and retains an extremely rugged topography composed of rocky fault ridges and deep canyons. During seasonal heavy rainfall, accumulated water tends to rush rapidly through the steep canyons, over time scouring out a number of depressions or "tanks" in the white granite near the base of the mountains. These white tanks are the source of the mountains&#39; name.</p><br>
<p>The Century Building, designed by Raeder, Coffin, and Crocker and completed in 1896, was a 10-story Classical Revival historic building in downtown St. Louis, Missouri that was used for offices, retail, and a 1600-seat theatre. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 2002.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, St. Louis planners and historic preservationists working as an advisory committee released their Downtown Plan, which called for the preservation and adaptive reuse of the Century Building. The Slay administration rejected the recommendations of the committee, and announced that a development team had been chosen (DESCO and DFC, Inc) to renovate the nearby historic Old Post Office (OPO) and to demolish the Century Building in order to build a parking deck to service the OPO. City officials made the argument that tenants for the renovated OPO building demanded parking within view of their new offices.</p><br>
<p>St. Louis preservationists next line of defense was the National Trust for Historic Preservation (NTHP). Contacted in 2001, NTHP was initially supportive of preservation efforts for the building. Midwest Trust Director Royce Yeater recommended that an alternative site be chosen for the proposed parking deck, noting that there were "10 underused parking facilities in the 10 blocks surrounding the OPO."</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the NTHP changed its stance concerning the project. The NTHP would now provide $6.9 million in gap financing in the form of tax credits for the OPO renovations and parking deck. NTHP refused to stop the demolition of the Century Building, and was now supporting the very project that preservationists were desperately trying to stop.</p><br>
<p>Preservationists around the country signed an on-line petition in a concerted effort to save the Century Building. Richard Moe, president of the NTHP, defended his organization&#39;s actions by stating that the demolition of the Century Building was key to revitalizing the area around the OPO.</p><br>
<p>The Landmarks Association filed a final lawsuit on October 19, 2004 requesting a temporary restraining order to halt demolition. Their request was ultimately denied, and demolition of the building commenced shortly thereafter.</p><br>
<p>Many historic preservationists call the loss of the Century Building a major sacrifice for Downtown St. Louis. Some have also said the NTHP drifted from its primary mission of historic preservation by supporting the developers of the OPO project. Other professionals take the side that certain sacrifices need to be made in order to improve neighborhoods as whole, and the Century Building was one of these sacrifices. It is generally agreed, however, that the Century Building was an important part of St. Louis&#39; architectural history, and could have been transformed into an asset for Downtown St. Louis had the building been saved.</p><br>
<p>Beams and parts of its facade were recovered by the St. Louis Building Arts Foundation. Theyre currently stored at the foundations Sauget foundry.</p><br>
<p>The Redington Museum is a historic museum in Waterville, Maine that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The museum is the headquarters of the Waterville Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The museum is listed on the official website of the Maine Office of Tourism.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The museum is open between Memorial Day and Labor Day from Tuesday to Saturday. Visitors are supposed to enter during the tour times, which are at 10 a.m., 11 a.m., 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. In practice, they may allow admission other times. Therefore, one should be prepared to visit as if they had an appointment for a specific time although the curators may allow other visitors to enter. There is an admission charge of $5 for adults 18 and older. Children 17 and younger are free when accompanied by an adult.</p><br>
<p>The museum is located at 62 Silver Street about 2 blocks south of downtown Waterville, about one block south of the funeral home.</p><br>
<h2>Exhibits</h2><br>
<p>The museum is essentially a historic house that has period furniture and exhibits about the Waterville area as well as a replica pharmacy building near the site where the original building once stood. The curators are a couple who live on the premises.</p><br>
<p>The museum is a two story white shingled house built in 1814. The exhibits include old furniture and curios from the 1800s. The museum opened in 1927. It is part of the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Waterville Historical Society keeps its collection of books and manuscripts at the museum. There is a collection of rare old maps of the area available for scholarly research.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Redington Museum offers a comprehensive view of life in New England and Waterville, Maine during the past two centuries. There are collections of furniture, accessories, household artifacts, toys, tools, and weapons as well as historical papers and diaries. The main building is designed in the Federal-style of architecture. The museum is maintained by the Waterville Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The museum is housed in a two story home built in 1814 by pioneer Waterville settler Asa Redington, a veteran of three enlistments in the American Revolutionary War and a member of George Washingtons elite Honor Guard. After the victory against the English, he developed the water rights at Ticonic Falls and with his sons, Samuel and William, established a thriving flour mill on the banks of the Kennebec River. The father of six sons and three daughters, Asa built this substantial home for his son William. Fashioned of great hewn timbers, all hand pegged, it still features the original spiral staircase, fireplaces with period woodwork, and floors of wide pumpkin pine. The newel post in the entrance exhibits the "contractors peace stone," a small smooth polished stone signifying in Colonial times that the project had been completed to both the owners and builders satisfaction. Today, five rooms are furnished with antiques of the late 18th and early 19th centuries from the Redington family, the family of pioneer attorney Timothy Boutelle, the family of revolutionary war veteran Jabez Mathews, and from other early local families.</p><br>
<p>The Pickwick Theatre is an art deco movie palace located in Park Ridge, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Roscoe Harold Zook, William F. McCaughey, and Alfonso Iannelli, the Pickwick opened in 1928 as a vaudeville stage and movie theatre. It is widely recognized for its marquee and 100-foot tower, which appeared in the opening credits of Siskel & Ebert & the Movies. The main auditorium, built to resemble an Aztec or Mayan temple, originally seated up to 1,400 people.Avis L. Weatherbee. "Screen Gems:</p><br>
<p>A Gilded Tour Of Our Remaining Movie Palaces". Chicago Sun-Times. 18 March 1994. Seating capacity in the main auditorium was reduced by 200 seats in 1968 and an additional 400 seats in 2012 as the result of renovations. The 2012 renovation project, valued at $1.2 million, also included a new roof, mechanical improvements and exterior renovations including those to the original marquee.</p><br>
<p>The theater was named in 1928 by, then Park Ridge Mayor, William H. Malone I for the title character Samuel Pickwick in Charles Dickens&#39; novel The Pickwick Papers.</p><br>
<p>The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and continues to host films as well as live stage shows. In 1990, theatre management expanded the Pickwick by adding three new screens behind the original auditorium. In 2017, owner Dino Vlahakis added a 39-seat theatre located on the second floor of the rear building, in place of the theatre&#39;s offices. New movies arrive every Friday. The newest movie is usually played in the original, main theatre for the first week and then is rotated throughout the three back theatres for the following weeks at the theatre.</p><br>
<p>The Pickwick Theatre is open every day of the week with early matinee times Friday, Saturday and Sunday and every day during the summer. Admission is $6 for everyone to shows starting at 5pm or earlier. After 6pm, general admission is $8.</p><br>
<p>Smugglers Notch  is a mountain pass in Lamoille County, Vermont.</p><br>
<p>The notch separates Mount Mansfield, the highest peak of the Green Mountains, from Spruce Peak and the Sterling Range.</p><br>
<p>Most of the notch is in Mount Mansfield State Forest.</p><br>
<p>North of the height of land, Smugglers Notch is drained by the Brewster River, which drains into the Lamoille River, and into Lake Champlain.</p><br>
<p>To the south, the notch is drained by the West Branch Waterbury River, thence into the Little River, the Winooski River, and into Lake Champlain.</p><br>
<p>In turn, Lake Champlain drains into the Richelieu River in Quebec, thence into the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>Smugglers&#39; Notch derives its name from activities precipitated by a request of President Thomas Jefferson to prevent American involvement in the Napoleonic Wars. The Embargo Act of 1807 forbade American trade with Great Britain and Canada. But proximity to Montreal made it a convenient trading partner, and the Act caused great hardship for Vermonters, many of whom continued the illegal trade with Canada, carrying goods and herding livestock through the Notch. Fugitive slaves also used the Notch as an escape route to Canada. The route was improved to accommodate automobile traffic in 1922 thus providing a route for liquor to be brought in from Canada during the Prohibition years.</p><br>
<p>Smugglers&#39; Notch State Park was created near the Notch by the depression-era Civilian Conservation Corps. In 2003 the park was relocated, allowing for a larger campground and new, modern facilities incorporating alternative energy. In order to preserve the work of these pioneering conservationists, all original structures created by the CCC were painstakingly relocated to the new site.</p><br>
<p>The Long Trail, a 272-mile (438-km) hiking trail running the length of Vermont, traverses Smugglers Notch.</p><br>
<p>The trail down from the summit of Mt. Mansfield to the west reaches the road south of the height of the pass, and resumes about a mile and a half north on the former Sterling Pond Trail, climbing east to the summit of Madonna Peak.</p><br>
<p>Smugglers&#39; Notch Resort is located on the northeast side of the pass on the northern side of the Sterling Range with developments on Spruce Peak (referred to as Sterling Mountain by the resort), Madonna Peak (referred to as Madonna Mountain by the resort), and the lower portion of Morse Mountain. The resort takes its name from the pass.</p><br>
<p>Stowe Mountain Resort straddles the southern end of the pass, with developments on both Mt. Mansfield and Spruce Peak.</p><br>
<p>Loch Assynt  is a freshwater loch in Sutherland, Scotland, 8 km ENE of Lochinver.</p><br>
<p>Situated in a spectacular setting between the heights of Canisp, Quinag and Beinn Uidhe, it receives the outflow from Lochs Awe, Maol a&#39; Choire, and Leitir Easaich. It discharges into the sea at Loch Inver, via the river Inver. The general trend of the loch is west-north-west and east-south-east, while the western end bends sharply at Loch Assynt lodge to the south-west.</p><br>
<p>The loch is 9.65 km long, and about 1.5 km in maximum breadth. The total area is approximately 800 hectare and its drainage basin is over 111 km&sup2;. The total volume of water contained in the loch is estimated at 247,231,697 m&sup3; and the maximum depth is 86 m.</p><br>
<p>There is excellent fishing for trout, sea-trout, and salmon. Ardvreck Castle, once held by the MacLeods and Mackenzies, occupies a promontory on the north shore, west of Inchnadamph.</p><br>
<p>The elevation of the loch&#39;s surface above sea level varies with the levels of rainfall but has been measured as 65.55 m.</p><br>
<h2>The Mermaid of Assynt</h2><br>
<p>Whispered amongst the locals of Inchnadamph, the area surrounding the castle, legend tells of MacLeods lost daughter, Eimhir, and her continued presence at Loch Assynt. Instead of jumping to her death, they believe Eimhir plunged into the caverns of the Loch and, hiding from the devil to whom she was promised, made a new home beneath the waters surface, becoming the elusive mermaid of Assynt.</p><br>
<p>The locals also use this legend to account for natural changes in the landscape. When the lochs water rise above their normal levels, legend tells that these are Eimhirs tears mourning her life lost on the land. Some even claim to have sighted her weeping on the rocks, her body now transformed into half woman, half sea creature. Some contest her form, instead calling her Selkie, the Nordic mythological figure of the sea, who must first shed tears into the water in order to become visible again to the human eye.</p><br>
<p>The legend also accounts for the geology of Inchnadamph. Clootie, infuriated by the broken promise of marriage summoned meteoric rocks from Chaos to obliterate Inchnadamph and MacLeod&#39;s kingdom. It is thought that this legend bears some relationship with the scientific findings that indicate north west Scotland was struck by an object from space around 1.2 billion years ago. Geologists from Aberdeen university described the event; " massive impact would have melted rocks and thrown up an enormous cloud of vapour that scattered material over a large part of the region around Ullapool. The crater was rapidly buried by sandstone which helped to preserve the evidence."</p><br>
<p>These legends are invoked to offer some mythical explanation for the unique geological and topographical character of Inchnadamph. Another version of the tale of the mermaid of Assynt relates to the creation of the Moine Thrust belt. Some believe Clootie&#39;s rage produced a tectonic rumbling from the earths core, resulting in the thrust westwards of the European plate, which is understood by geologists to account for the Moine Thrust belt.</p><br>
<p>Beinn a’ Chroin is a Scottish mountain located six kilometres south of Crianlarich in the Stirling Council area. With a height of 942 metres  it qualifies as a Munro.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Beinn a’ Chroin stands well into the interior of the Crianlarich group of seven munros and so it is usually climbed with other hills in the area, more often than not it is ascended with An Caisteal which lies 1.5 kilometres to the north west across the Bealach Buidhe (805 metres). The hill is well seen from the upper part of Glen Falloch from where the long summit ridge and the steep head wall of Coire Earb can be appreciated. The translation of the mountains name from the Gaelic language is vague and there are three possible meanings. Some sources give the translation as “Hill of Danger” although Beinn a’ Chroin is no more dangerous than any other peak in the group. Other sources give the meaning as “Hill of the Sheep Fold” while others give it as “Hill of the Cloven Hoof” referring to the mountains twin summits.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Beinn a’ Chroins summit moved&#39; in the 1990s. It has a 1.2 kilometre long summit ridge, two thirds to the west gently undulating with four tops and then one third with a distinct top at the eastern end, of the ridge separated by a col with a height of 877 metres. The recognised summit location of highest point of Beinn a’ Chroin changed in 1998. For all years prior, the official highest point of the mountain was the eastern end 940 metres. OS Landranger 1.50k map only showed a 938m spot height on western ridge. However autumn 1997 amateur cartographic sleuth Charles Everett noticed on the new OS 1.25k map, two small 940 metre contour rings without spot heights, on the western ridge, just 75 metres apart, one to NE one to SW. Realizing that these both had to be higher than the eastern top, he sent a number of letters to the Ordnance Survey over next six months asking for: firstly, the exact heights inside these contour rings, and secondly, why these two points, both of which were clearly higher points on the mountain than the eastern 940m top, hadn’t had spot heights detailed on the map. Initial response from some departments was unhelpful and frustrating and stating they were unable to give any information. Persistence with another couple of letters eventually hit the jackpot with a July 8, 1998 letter confirming that there was a spot height of 941.5m in one of the contour rings, but frustratingly not specifying which. Subsequently Harveys maps, when they republished their Crianlarich map, gave the NE contour ring on west ridge, 941m at 388186 and SW one 942m at 387185 representing the new summit position of Beinn a’Chroin. The eastern top has now become a subsidiary Munro “top” at 940 metres.</p><br>
<p>Beinn a’ Chroin is surrounded by four other Munros which lie round the head waters of the River Falloch, to the north and east lies Cruach Ardrain and Beinn Tulaichean which can be reached by an arduous journey contouring round Coire Earb and climbing the subsidiary top of Stob Glas. The other two Munros, An Caisteal and Beinn Chabhair can be attained by following the west ridge down to the Beallach Buidhe from here the continuation to An Caisteal is up steep slopes to the north west. To reach Beinn Chabhair there is further descending to the west to reach an unnamed col (609 metres) before ascending to the summit. The impressive Coire Earb stands on the north side of the mountain, this corrie gives fine examples of boulder fields and moraine as a result of glacial action from the last Ice age. The smaller Coire a’ Chroin lies on the upper southern slopes and contains the small Lochan a’ Chroin. Drainage from the mountain reaches both coasts of Scotland with the River Falloch going west from Coire Earb to the Firth of Clyde while all other rainfall goes east to the Firth of Forth.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents and summit</h2><br>
<p>Most guide books recommend climbing Beinn a’ Chroin along with the adjacent Munro of An Caisteal. This walk starts from the A82 road at grid reference and climbs An Caisteal first before continuing onto Beinn a’ Chroin by the Beallach Buidhe. A direct ascent is possible from the same starting point by walking high up into Coire Earb and then climbing the mountain by the north ridge which leads to the eastern end of the summit ridge. The mountain can also be climbed from the east starting at the end of the public road which leads to Inverlochlarig from the A84 at grid reference. This route follows the track by the River Larig to reach the foot of the mountain before climbing it by its steep grassy south east slopes. The summit ridge is undulating with several strange rock formation and some small sheets of water around the highest point.</p><br>
<p>Okinoshima is an island, part of the city of Munakata, Fukuoka, Japan. It is considered sacred land by the local Munakata Taisha. The island&#39;s population consists of a single employee of the shrine. The entire island is considered a shinto kami, and the island is off limits to women.</p><br>
<p>The island covers area of 97 hectare and has maximum elevation of 244 m.</p><br>
<h2>Munakata Taisha Okitsu shrine</h2><br>
<p>The Okitsu-gū shrine is located at the southwestern portion of Okinoshima. It was established in the mid 17th-century. Prior to the shrine&#39;s establishment as a sacred natural site, the surrounding site served as a location for the worship of the kami. The shrine has been maintained in relatively the same condition since the Shōwa period 1932, prior to which, it had undergone repair and rebuilding several times.</p><br>
<h2>UNESCO Status</h2><br>
<p>In 2009 the island was submitted for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the serial nomination Okinoshima Island and Related Sites in Munakata Region. The island gained status as a UNESCO World Heritage site on July 9, 2017.</p><br>
<p>Local residents had expressed their worry that the islands inclusion on the UNESCO list would cause an increase of tourism that would threaten its sacredness. Takayuki Ashizu, the chief priest at Munakata Taisha, said that regardless whether or not Okinoshima is added to the UNESCO cultural heritage list they would not open it to the public because "people shouldnt visit out of curiosity."</p><br>
<p>Sideia Island is an island in the Louisiade Archipelago in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island is part of the following Wards:</p><br>
<p>Sauasauaga, on the southwest cape. (This Ward is mostly on Sariba)</p><br>
<p>Gotai, on the southeast area (with Populai Island)</p><br>
<p>Sekuku, on the central area (with Dinana Island)</p><br>
<p>Tegerauna, on the northeast area.</p><br>
<p>Sideia, on the northwest area.</p><br>
<p>All Wards belong to Bwanabwana Rural Local Level Government Area LLG, Samarai-Murua District, which are in Milne Bay Province.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sideia Island was sighted by Europeans when the Spanish expedition of Luís Vaez de Torres arrived on 18 July 1606. Their ship, El-Morata anchored at Oba Bay in the south west, that they then named Puerto San Francisco. Torres named the island St. Bonaventure.</p><br>
<p>The mission in that island was established on April 22, 1932 by the Australian Province of the French Congregation Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (MSC). By 1942, it was fully developed and became the base for other missions in the nearby islands. Many facilities were set up to provide education, medical assistance and ways of living to the native of the area.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Sideia is located East of the end of New Guinea mainland. Its area is 101.3 km².</p><br>
<p>The island is part of the Sideia group, itself a part of Samarai Islands of the Louisiade Archipelago.</p><br>
<p>It is located between Sariba Island and Basilaki Island.</p><br>
<p>The island of Sideia is quite near Alotau and can be reached in less than three hours by motor boat.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The population of 1890 is living in 30 villages across the island. The most important one, and where the dock is located, is Sideia. The other villages: Lamoasi, Mwalotakilili, Dumalawe, Paka, Gugui, Gadogadowa, Oba, Memeali, Kunubala, Gabutau, Makabweabweau, Nasauwai, Tabuara, Liliki, Kalu, Gotai, Wanahaua, Sekuku, Waiyau, Goteia, Kaula, Kubi, Boikalakalawa, Namoa, Dulaona, Balagatete, Tegerauna</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The islanders, are farmers as opposed to eastern Louisiade Archipelago islanders. they grow Sago, Taro, and Yams for crops.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>There is a dock at Sideia.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The following mammals are on the island:</p><br>
<p>Polynesian rat</p><br>
<p>Black rat</p><br>
<p>Eastern common cuscus</p><br>
<p>Moncton&#39;s mosaic-tailed rat</p><br>
<p>Black-tailed mosaic-tailed rat</p><br>
<p>Eastern rat</p><br>
<p>Giant white-tailed rat</p><br>
<p>New Guinea naked-backed fruit bat</p><br>
<p>Long-tongued nectar bat</p><br>
<p>Small flying fox</p><br>
<p>Island tube-nosed fruit bat</p><br>
<p>Geoffroy&#39;s rousett</p><br>
<p>Common blossom bat</p><br>
<p>The following fish are near the island:</p><br>
<p>Acanthuridae</p><br>
<p>Balistidae</p><br>
<p>Belonidae</p><br>
<p>Carangidae</p><br>
<p>Holocentridae</p><br>
<p>Kyphosidae</p><br>
<p>Lethrinidae</p><br>
<p>Lutjanidae</p><br>
<p>Mugilidae</p><br>
<p>Mullidae</p><br>
<p>Scaridae</p><br>
<p>Serranidae</p><br>
<p>Siganidae</p><br>
<p>Sphyraenidae</p><br>
<p>Lake Galena is a reservoir in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, located near Galena.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake formed following the damming of Smallpox Creek in 1974. Smallpox Creek is one of many tributaries of the Mississippi River.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Galena receives its water from a watershed about 10,591 acres (42.9 km²) in size and is located at an elevation of about 710 feet (218 m). It encompasses an area of 225 acres (89 ha) and with 7 miles (11.3 km) of shoreline. It is located within a private development of Galena known as the Galena Territory.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>The lake is mostly used for recreational purposes including boating and fishing. The lake is managed by a non-profit corporation, The Galena Territory Association, who manages a marina located on the east end of the lake. The eighth hole on the Eagle Ridge Resort & Spa&#39;s North golf course crosses a small inlet of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Iōjima, also known as Satsuma Iōjima or Tokara Iōjima, is one of the Satsunan Islands, usually classed with the Ōsumi Islands, belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Along with Takeshima and Kuroshima, it makes up the three-island village of Mishima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 11.65 km² in area, has a population of 142 persons.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Iōjima is one of the Ōsumi islands, and is located 110 km south of Kagoshima. The island has an area of approximately 11.65 km&sup2; with a length of 5.5 km in length from east to west and 4.0 km from north to south.</p><br>
<p>Iōjima is of volcanic origin, and is the northern edge of the Kikai Caldera, a stratovolcano rising from the ocean floor to 703.7 m above sea level at its highest peak (Mount Iōdake). Kikai Caldera is ranked class A for volcanic activity. It is constantly erupting, emitting massive amounts of sulfur dioxide which causes damage to agricultural products. Hot springs high in iron concentration from the port bottom gush and due to contact with oxygen, the port waters change to a reddish-brown color. Due to the sulfur, the sea area around the island is yellow in color. This gave rise to the name "Sulfur Island" (Iōjima).</p><br>
<p>The climate of Iōjima is classified as subtropical, with a rainy season from May through September.</p><br>
<p>Shōwa Iōjima, a small uninhabited island, is located just offshore to the north.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historically Iōjima is one of the islands identified as Kikai Island, an island of exile mentioned in the Heike Monogatari, where the conspirator Shunkan was exiled. However, there are other islands in the Ryukyu Islands which also make the same claim.</p><br>
<p>During the Edo period, Iōjima was part of Satsuma Domain and was administered as part of Kawabe District. In 1896, the island was transferred to the administrative control of Ōshima District, Kagoshima, and from 1911 was part of the village of Toshima, Kagoshima. From 1946-1952, the southern seven islands in the Toshima group belonging to the Tokara archipelago came under the administration of the United States as part of the Provisional Government of Northern Ryukyu Islands; however, since Iōjima is located north of 30 degrees North, it remained Japanese territory during this time, and came under the administration of the village of Mishima in Kagoshima Prefecture.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The island can be reached by bi-weekly ferry service to the city of Kagoshima on the mainland, as there is no airport. Travel time is about 3 hours. Satsuma Iojima Airport was opened in 1973 in conjunction with a resort development by the Yamaha Corporation. Ownership of the airport was transferred to Mishima Village after the resort closed in 1994, but there is no scheduled service.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>From the Meiji period, mining of sulfur and silica were important to the local economy. However, the mine closed in 1964 due to increased volcanic activity and a large drop in prices due to cheaper imports. The population of the island, which reached 604 people in 1960, dropped to 186 by 1970 due to the mine closure. In October 1973, the Yamaha Corporation established a resort complex on the island, but the venture went bankrupt in April 1983. Peacocks brought in as decoration for the hotel have become feral, and can be found throughout the island. The present economic basis of the island is now mainly fishing, agriculture (beef cattle, bamboo shoots, camellia oil products) and seasonal tourism.</p><br>
<p>Basilaki Island  is an island in the Louisiade Archipelago in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located at the eastern end of the New Guinea mainland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First recorded sighting by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Luís Vaez de Torres on 18 July 1606, that charted it as San Buenaventura (after Saint Bonaventure).</p><br>
<p>A party of French naturalists was believed to have been murdered in James Bay in October 1880.</p><br>
<p>This island was the scene of the murder of 2 sailors by natives in Hoopiron Bay, July 28, 1885. The men were Captain John Friar and John Watkins, a carpenter of the Lallah Rook, a schooner registered in Saint John, New Brunswick. The vessel anchored in the bay to take on fresh water. After the murders, the crew sailed away.</p><br>
<p>The murders were revenge taken for two unpaid-for deaths of natives in Friar&#39;s employ. Despite a two-day search of the island on October 16, by the crews of the Governor Blackall, and HMS Diamond and, the murderers were not found, although the skulls of Friar and the carpenter were recovered and given a burial at sea. Later the Diamond returned and burned all the villages nearby.</p><br>
<p>3 planes were ditched off the island in 1943, a P-38H Lightning, a P-38F Lightning, and a B-24D Liberator "The Leila Belle" (MIA).</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island is part of the following Wards:</p><br>
<p>Hamama, on the western part.</p><br>
<p>Buairi, which is on Buairi island, includes a small portion of the western part.</p><br>
<p>Habani, on the south-central area.</p><br>
<p>Gigia, on the north-central area. (with Bwanadalu island)</p><br>
<p>Bedauna, on the southeast area (with Kitai islands)</p><br>
<p>Yokowa, on the northeast area.</p><br>
<p>All Wards belong to Bwanabwana Rural Local Level Government Area LLG, Samarai-Murua District, which are in Milne Bay Province.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Basilaki is located on the east of Samarai Islands of the Louisiade Archipelago. The island is part of the Basilaki group.</p><br>
<p>Mount Kova Sina (Fairfax) reaches a height of 531 meters, and is located at the center of the island.</p><br>
<p>Mount Baiaule is 444 meters, and is located at the center of the island.</p><br>
<p>Mount Salawie is 333 meters, and is located at the south of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The population of 1883 is living in 37 villages across the island. Yokowa, where the school is located, is the largest village. although, the main dock is at Habani, at the other side of the island.</p><br>
<p>List of villages: Hoopiron Bay, Gaiogaiokawasi, Baiaule, Hilomai, Habani, Halahalawuwu, Salewai, Wetoa, Dauyai, Hiliki, Towina, Kawalolo, Bedauna, Mwahui, Kalotau, Taladio, Agarauna, Huba, Yokowa, Dahidahina, Siu, Pihigole, Gigia, Doba, Tanubuibuina, Delina, Tutuila, Hewoli, Hamama, Duiauna, Nuanuatieu, Gogolabia, Hakalihi, Bogala, Kalamadau, Yahala.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The islanders, are farmers as opposed to eastern Louisiade Archipelago islanders. they grow Sago, Taro, and Yams for crops.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>There is a dock at Habani.</p><br>
<p>Chiricahua Peak is the name of a 9,763 ft peak located in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, located about 35 mi north of the United States–Mexico border. It is the highest summit in the Chiricahua Mountains and the highest point in Cochise County.</p><br>
<p>As with the rest of the Chiricahua Mountains, the peak was formed as the result of a violent volcanic eruption about 27 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>The peak contains one of the southernmost Engelmann spruce stands in the world. There are also extensive stands of aspen on the north slope. Much of the peak was severely burned in recent times, which creates vast open views across the landscape. This includes views across the Basin and Range to Mount Lemmon, Mount Graham, and Mount Wrightson. In addition, Willcox Playa is visible in the basin below.</p><br>
<p>In 2011 the Horseshoe 2 Fire burned a total of 223,000 acres within the Chiricahua Mountains causing considerable damage to the trail system.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<p>Kotylio  is a village and a community in the municipal unit Gortyna, southwest Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on the northeastern slope of Mount Lykaion on a height of ca. 900 m,</p><br>
<p>3 km from the border with Elis. It is 4 km west of Karytaina, 6 km southeast of Theisoa, 8 km east of Andritsaina and 15 km northwest of Megalopoli. In 2011 Kotylio had a population of 64 for the village and 82 for the community, which includes the villages Palatos (pop. 10) and Strongylo (pop. 8).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before 1927, Kotylio was known as Dragoumano (Δραγουμάνο, cf. dragoman). During the first battles of the Greek War of Independence in March 1821, the inhabitants of the village provided the information on the movements of Ottoman troops. This allowed Theodoros Kolokotronis to ambush them on 27 March in the straits of Agiothanasis, near Kourounios, in what is considered the first pitched battle between Greeks and Turks during the War of Independence.</p><br>
<p>On top of Mount Lykaion, every four years, the locals organize athletic and musical games in imitation of the ancient custom.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>"Arklow Hill"  dominates the town of Arklow to the south and is situated in the southeastern section of the Wicklow Mountains, just 2 km from the Irish Sea coast. It is a prominent feature from the N11 National primary route which passes a kilometer east of the summit.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1960s and early 1970s when NET Nitrate (a chemical company) was producing fertilizer in the local factory in the Avoca valley, the letters N-E-T were spelt out in dark green on the southern slope of the hill, visible from the main road (the modern N11). This was achieved by spreading nitrogen fertilizer on meadow on the hill in the shape of the letters, which advertised the effectiveness of Nitrogen in producing vigorous growth compared to the area outside the fertilized zone. It was like a biological version of the Hollywood sign.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow House, also known as the Bigelow House Museum, is a historic house museum located at 918 Glass Avenue Northeast in the Bigelow Neighborhood of Olympia, Washington. Built by Daniel Bigelow in the 1850s, the house was designed in the Carpenter Gothic style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Harvard law school graduate Daniel Bigelow arrived in Olympia in 1851 after crossing the Oregon Trail. He took up a 160 acre Donation Land Claim just east of the new town and built a two-room cabin near an artesian spring overlooking Budd Inlet in South Puget Sound. In 1854 Bigelow married Ann Elizabeth White, one of the first school teachers in the territory. They built the present house by 1860 where they raised eight children.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelows were active in many political causes including temperance, women&#39;s suffrage and public education. Over the years many historical figures visited the Bigelows including Snoqualmie headman Patkanim, Suffragette Susan B. Anthony and George Pickett when he was stationed in the territory prior to the American Civil War. The Bigelows were also a host family for some of the Mercer Girls when they arrived in 1866. The Bigelows lived in the house until their deaths; Daniel in 1905 and Ann Elizabeth in 1926.</p><br>
<p>The house remained in the Bigelow family until 1994 when owners Daniel S Bigelow (grandson of Daniel and Ann Elizabeth) and Mary Ann Campbell Bigelow helped form the non-profit Bigelow House Preservation Association (BHPA) to save the house from developers. BHPA restored the house to its territorial era appearance, naming it the Bigelow House Museum in 1995. The Bigelow family also retained a life-estate agreement that allowed them to remain in the house for the rest of their lives.</p><br>
<p>Since 2005 the Bigelow House Museum is fully open as a public museum, displaying original territorial era furnishings, photos, and documents. It is one of the oldest and most intact pioneer-era homes in Washington. The home is also the centerpiece of the Bigelow Neighborhood, which includes many homes built by the Bigelow and White families. In 2013 BHPA merged with the Olympia Historical Society becoming the Olympia Historical Society and Bigelow House Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Chiloé Archipelago  is a group of islands lying off the coast of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region. It is separated from mainland Chile by Chacao Channel in the north, the Sea of Chiloé in the east and Gulf of Corcovado to the southeast. The archipelago forms the province of Chiloé . The main island is Chiloé Island .</p><br>
<p>Chiloé is from the Mapuche word chillwe, meaning "seagull place". Chill or chülle refers to the brown-hooded gull, and the -we suffix means place. The adjective and demonym for this region is chilote in the masculine and chilota in the feminine.</p><br>
<p>Chiloé is widely known for its distinctive folklore, mythology, cuisine and unique architecture. The variety of potato which is most widely grown throughout the world is indigenous to the islands.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The province of Chiloé includes all the Chiloé Archipelago except the Grupo Desertores islands, plus the Isla Guafo. The area of Chiloé province is 9,181 km&sup2;. The administrative center of the province is Castro, while the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic bishopric is Ancud. Chiloé province is part of the Los Lagos Region (Región de los Lagos), which mainly includes the Chilean lakes region on the mainland north of Chiloé. The administrative center of the region is Puerto Montt.</p><br>
<p>Chiloé Island is by far the largest island in the archipelago at 8,394 km&sup2; Chiloé Island is roughly rectangular with its long axis oriented from north to south. To the east of Chiloé Island lies the Sea of Chiloé which contains most of the other islands in the archipelago. The Sea of Chiloé is a marginal sea separating Chiloé Island from Palena Province (also called Continental Chiloé). The principal islands in the sea of Chiloé are Quinchao, Lemuy, Tranqui, and Desertores Islands. Chiloé Island is separated from the Chilean mainland by the 2 km narrow Chacao Channel in the north. To the northeast and southeast of the archipelago lie the Gulf of Ancud and the Gulf of Corcovado; the former is part of the Sea of Chiloé. Some 40 km southwest of Chiloé Island lies Guafo Island, the southernmost island of the archipelago.</p><br>
<p>Most of the good harbours are located in the north and eastern shore of Chiloé Island. The eastern shore has a series of peninsulas and inlets, notably Estero de Castro where the capital Castro is located. The western part of Chiloé Island, as well as the whole Guafo Island, is hilly and covered by forests. In Chiloé Island the hills are subdivided in two north-south ranges separated by the lakes Cucao and Huillinco. The ranges are Piuchén and Pirulil. They are the highest point in the archipelago, and do not exceed 800 m. Depressions in the western forest are occupied by numerous small lakes and bogs scattered across the landscape.</p><br>
<p>A bridge to the mainland is planned for the archipelago, despite opposition from some residents who fear pollution and habitat destruction. The Chacao Channel bridge would replace the ferry that connects the village of Chacao, Ancud Comuna, on Route 5 at the northern end of Chiloé Island across the Chacao Channel with the village of Pargua, Calbuco Comuna, on the mainland.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The archipelago&#39;s original vegetation is Valdivian temperate rainforest, a forest with a dense understory and a large variety of vegetal species, including mosses and ferns. The western and southern portions of the island are still largely covered by the native forest. Notable species of the forests include arrayán (Luma apiculata), roble (Nothofagus dombeyi), quila (Chusquea quila), Chilean rhubarb, and the avellano (Gevuina avellana). Fitzroya cupressoides and tepú (Tepualia stipularis) grow in the poorly drained soils of the Piuchén and Pirulil ranges.</p><br>
<p>The arrival of agriculture in pre-Hispanic times gave origin the patchy of landscape pastures and farms landscape that dominates the eastern and northern coast of Chiloé Island. Some native plants like Gevuina avellana and Fascicularia bicolor have edible seeds, and others like the Chilean rhubarb have edible stems. The most notable edible plant native to Chiloé are the potatoes of Chiloé which contrary to the Andean potatoes of Peru and Bolivia is adapted to the long-day conditions prevalent in the higher latitude region of southern Chile.</p><br>
<p>The native fauna include many birds, some of which are endemic to the archipelago. Among land mammals the largest are Darwins fox (named as such because Charles Darwin first discovered and collected a specimen on Isla San Pedro, Chiloé) and the pudú, a small deer. Marine mammals include Commersons dolphins and South American sea lions that forms colonies at rock outcrops close to the sea. Several species of whales have been sighted around the island, notably blue whales (see also Alfaguara project) and critically endangered southern right whales.</p><br>
<p>Before the end of the Llanquihue glaciation the southern parts of Chiloé Island constituted open landscapes. This changed around 12,500 years ago when climate became warmer and forests colonized the region.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chiloé Archipelago may have been populated since 12,000 – 11,800 BC according to archaeological discoveries in Monte Verde located less than 50 km to north of the main island. Chiloé&#39;s first ethnically identifiable inhabitants are believed to be the Chonos, a seafaring nomadic people. Later, about a hundred years before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Huilliche (a branch of the Mapuche) came from the mainland and settled on the eastern shore, practising agriculture and fishing.</p><br>
<h3>Spanish colony (1567–1826)</h3><br>
<p>The main island was first discovered by Spaniards in 1553 by Francisco de Ulloa. Gamboa named the islands Nueva Galicia (New Galicia) in honor of the place of origin of Rodrigo de Quiroga who as governor had organized the expedition. Gamboa established a settlement at Castro in 1567, which later became the seat of a Jesuit mission, and was capital of the province until the founding of Ancud in 1768.</p><br>
<p>In early colonial times the Spanish introduced a number of Old world crops and agricultural systems. Some of these cultivars and systems ended with poor results yet the introduction of pigs and apple trees proved a success. Pigs benefited from abundant shellfish and algae exposed by the large tides. Wheat came to be grown in lesser quantities compared to the native potatoes given the adverse climate.</p><br>
<p>During the first years of the colony the spiritual labour was carried out by Mercedarians and Franciscans. The first Jesuits arrived in 1608 and founded in 1612 the first church in Castro. Because of the scattered population living in different islands the Jesuits established a circular mission system with numerous chapels and churches. The Jesuits established a collegium in 1660 in Castro. By 1767 when the Society of Jesus was suppressed there were 13 Jesuit missioners and 79 chapels. From 1771 onwards the Franciscans took over the functions of the Jesuits in Chiloé.</p><br>
<p>Ancud was made capital of the Chiloé in 1767. In 1784 Chiloé Island was made a direct dependency of the colonial viceroyalty of Peru as a consequence of the Bourbon reforms, while continental Chile was a captaincy-general within the viceroyalty. The change of capital and shift to dependency corresponded to a new strategic view of the Chiloé Archipelago. While initially Chiloé was viewed by Spaniards as a colony rich enough to conquer, it later became a problematic region due to its geographical isolation from mainland Chile and the War of Arauco in the mainland. Chiloé Island was largely exempt from the turmoil that affected the Chilean mainland due to conflicts with Huilliches and Mapuches, but was notably affected in 1712 by a large Huilliche rebellion.</p><br>
<p>During colonial times Chiloé served as base for a series of explorations towards the interior of Patagonia as well as to its channels. The Jesuit Nicolás Mascardi crossed the Andes trough Vuriloche Pass and set up a mission in the shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake in 1670. The Jesuits established in Chiloé bought Chonos from islands south of Chiloé to settle in the archipelago, which led to acculturation with the Spanish-Huilliche of the island.</p><br>
<h4>Royalist stronghold (1812–1826)</h4><br>
<p>Unlike the central region of Chile where a long war of independence resumed after a Spanish reoccupation, Chiloé never joined the Patria Vieja (Old Republic), and its population rather than conspiring to overthrow the local Spanish administration gave it wide support. From 1812 and on, men from Chiloé would be enlisted as soldiers and sent to fight in Chile, Bolivia and Peru for the royalist cause. In December 1817 the island became the last stronghold of Spanish royalists (together with Valdivia) fleeing from the Chilean mainland. A Chilean expedition led by Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald disembarked 60 men under command of William Miller but failed to conquer it after the small but disastrous Battle of Agüi. Another unsuccessful conquest attempt occurred in 1824 when Jorge Beauchef, who had disembarked in Chiloé Island, was ambushed at the Battle of Mocopulli. Only on 15 January 1826 did the Royalist forces of Antonio de Quintanilla negotiate a surrender to a new military expedition led by Ramon Freire, and the island was fully incorporated into the independent Republic of Chile, although Spain did not recognize Chile until 1844.</p><br>
<p>The last Spanish military governors were:</p><br>
<p>Mariano Osorio December 1817 – 1818</p><br>
<p>Antonio de Quintanilla 1818 – 15 January 1826</p><br>
<h3>Chilean republic (1826 onward)</h3><br>
<p>Charles Darwin arrived in Chiloé on 28 June 1834 and was based there for six months, writing about his impressions of southern Chile in his diaries. The archipelago had been an old royalist stronghold, and its inhabitants were known during the 19th century for complaining about not having a king. Darwin wrote of Chiloé in 1834: "The Indians ended all their complaints by saying, &#39;And it is only because we are poor Indians, and know nothing; but it was not so when we had a King.</p><br>
<p>As Chiloé had been a defensive stronghold during colonial times, the Republic of Chile used Chiloé as a starting point for its territorial expansion into the southern territories. The expedition to the Straits of Magellan, that founded Fuerte Bulnes in 1843, was assembled in Chiloé. In the 1850s Chiloé was again instrumental in the logistical support of the colonization of the Llanquihue Lake, where German settlers were given land. The last major portion of Patagonia to be incorporated into Chile, Aysén was also explored and settled from Chiloé. In the colonization process of Patagonia, Chilotes immigrants constituted a large part of the work force of the livestock enterprises that were established in Patagonia between 1890 and 1950.</p><br>
<p>During the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Chiloé lost economic and political importance to Puerto Montt on the mainland, so that by 1863 Puerto Montt was made capital of its own province and in 1927 the Chiloé Archipelago was incorporated into a new province headed by Puerto Montt.</p><br>
<p>The cathedral in Ancud was destroyed and Castro was badly damaged by the Great Chilean earthquake of 1960, the most powerful ever recorded. In 1982, the provincial capital, after over 200 years, was returned to Castro.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>In part because of its physical isolation from the rest of Chile, Chiloé has a very special architecture and local culture. During the colonization of Patagonia and southern Chile in the 19th century cultural elements of Chiloé spread to that zones as many chilotes migrated and settled there.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>Chilotan architecture is a unique architectural style that is mainly restricted to Chiloe Island and nearby areas. In part because of its physical isolation from the rest of Chile, and access to different materials, Chiloé has a very special architecture that differs most greatly from the typical Spanish colonial architecture. The Spanish who arrived in the 16th century, and Jesuit missionaries who followed, constructed hundreds of small wooden churches in an attempt to bring Christianity to a pagan land; the result was a mixing of Catholicism and pagan beliefs. In addition, the use of flat wooden tiles as shingles (wood shingles) became a staple in its architecture. Sixteen of these still remain and have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<p>Nearly all the houses and buildings in colonial Chiloe were built with wood, and wood shingles were extensively employed. Roof shingles of Fitzroya came to be used as money and called Real de alerce. In the late 19th century many palafitos (stilt houses) were built in cities like Castro and Chonchi.</p><br>
<p>Homes and hotels in the region also employ the use of wood shingles, usually painted in bright, bold colors. Depending on the region, palafitos are another distinct architecture feature of Chiloé. These are traditional fisherman’s houses built on wooden stilts.</p><br>
<h3>Chilote Spanish</h3><br>
<p>Chilote is a dialect of Spanish language spoken on Chiloé Archipelago. It has distinct differences from standard Chilean Spanish in accent, pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, especially influenced by the Huilliche variant of Mapudungun.</p><br>
<h3>Cuisine</h3><br>
<p>The cuisine of Chiloé has its origin in pre-Hispanic traditions among native Chonos and Huilliches. Typical features of Chilote cuisine include earth oven and asado barbecues. Chilote cuisine makes extensive use of fish, shellfish and potatoes of which there are plenty of varieties growing in the archipelago&#39;s different islands. Chiloé is a center of diversity of potatoes and the origin of most of cultivated potatoes outside Andes, belonging to subspecies Solanum tuberosum tuberosum. Lamb is considered the most appreciated meat and is eaten and prepared as an asado, specially around Christmas and new year. Apple chicha (cider) is a common alcoholic beverage. Other typical alcoholic beverages are murtado and licor de oro liqueurs.</p><br>
<p>Traditional cuisine includes curanto and pulmay. Curanto is a dish made from fish, clams (almejas), ribbed mussels (cholgas), giant barnacles (picorocos), meats, and potatoes of Chiloé wrapped in leaves and cooked in a hole in the ground by hot stones. It can also be cooked in a pot over a bonfire becoming pulmay.</p><br>
<h3>Mythology</h3><br>
<p>Chiloé has a rich folklore with many mythological animals and spirits such as the Caleuche, the Trauco, the Pincoya and the Invunche. Chilota mythology is based on a mixture of indigenous religions, (the Chonos and Huilliches), that live in the Archipelago of Chiloé, and the legends and superstitions brought by the Spanish Conquistadores. In 1567 the process of conquest in Chiloé by the conquistadors brought forth the fusion of elements that would form a separate mythology. Chilota mythology flourished, isolated from other beliefs and myths in mainland Chile, due to the separation of the archipelago from the rest of the Spanish occupation in Chile, and the Mapuches occupation or destruction of all the Spanish settlements between the Bío-Bío River and the Chacao channel following the disaster of Curalaba in 1598.</p><br>
<p>According to Chilotan mythology the origin of the archipelago lies in a fierce battle between two serpents, Ten Ten-Vilu (ten, "earth", vilu, "snake") and Coi Coi-Vilu (Co, "water", vilu, "snake").</p><br>
<h2>Demographics and economy</h2><br>
<p>The population of the province with its ten municipalities according to the 2002 census was 154,775; of this, 44% lived in rural areas, according to the National Statistics Institute (INE). Chiloé&#39;s people are known as Chilotes.</p><br>
<p>Salmon aquaculture, tourism, agriculture and timber are the mainstays of the island economy.</p><br>
<h3>Tourism</h3><br>
<p>LAN Airlines constructed a small airport in November 2012, which opened Chiloé to more tourism than it had experienced. Before the airport opened in Castro the only way to reach the islands had been by ferry. Main cultural attractions include the islands local culture, coastline, and clear waters. Some of the islands churches are UNESCO World Heritage sites; however, not all of them are always accessible to the public.</p><br>
<p>In order to overcome the cultural and organizational barriers that keep suppliers of living cultural heritage and tour operators apart, the Chiloé diocese of Ancud established a private foundation called "Fundación con Todos" (One for All Foundation). The foundation helps repair damaged churches on the islands and assists local residents in developing tourism.</p><br>
<p>In cooperation with the EOMF and the Chiloé Model Forest, a cultural and natural heritage tour was organized to Argentina and Chile, including a three-day visit to Chiloé, permitting some of the Chilote households to host a group of cultural heritage tourists for the first time. The visits were very successful and should be the first of more to come, helping establish the credibility of Chiloé&#39;s agrotourism network among other tour operators.</p><br>
<p>Chapman River is a river in the Mid West region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river arises on the Victoria Plateau east of Northampton. It flows in a southerly direction, passing through the town of Nabawa in the Shire of Chapman Valley, and continuing south to about the latitude of Geraldton. It then descends to the coastal plain, turning to the west-north-west and disgorging into the Indian Ocean at Bluff Point in Champion Bay. Tributaries of the river include Chapman River East, Skelton Gully, Una Brook and Rushy Gully.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Most of the Chapman Rivers 1,160 km² catchment consists of cleared agricultural land. This land is heavily fertilised and subject to soil erosion, so the river carries high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll a. This, together with the encroachment of urban areas into the rivers riparian zone, has resulted in a degraded river system with eutrophic lower reaches.</p><br>
<p>The river generally does not flow in summer, but always flows in winter. From the mouth to about 1.5 km upriver, the river is estuarine. This stretch always contains some water. The mouth itself is usually closed by a sandbar, but this opens at the onset of heavy flow, and closes after flow has receded. When the sandbar is open, sea water enters the estuary, mildly affecting its salinity.</p><br>
<p>During periods of very high rainfall, soils are washed into the river and carried out to sea. Following heavy rains in June and July 1986, it is estimated that: the Chapman River washed 39,000 tons of suspended sediment into the ocean; that at peak flow a ton of sediment entered the ocean every seven seconds; and that this loss of sediment represented the loss of some A$73,000 of soil nitrogen.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The Chapman River&#39;s riparian zone is managed as part of the Chapman Regional Wildlife Corridor Project, and much of it is afforded some protection by the declaration of regional parks within the zone, such as Spalding Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Chapman River was named on 7 April 1839 by the explorer George Grey while on his second disastrous expedition along the Western Australian coast, and was probably named after John Chapman, later a British Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) but then deputy chairman of the Western Australian Company. Chapman was a business partner of Grey&#39;s friend Sir William Hutt (Chairman of the Western Australian Company and brother of John Hutt, second Governor of Western Australia), after whom Grey had named the nearby Hutt River, two days previously.</p><br>
<p>The Glasgow Range is a mountain range on the northern West Coast of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. It is north of the Papahaua Range and its most significant river is the Mokihinui River.</p><br>
<h2>History of settlement</h2><br>
<p>The Glasgow Range is largely devoid of settlement, though near the Tasman Sea coastline in the foothills are small localities such as Mokihinui and Seddonville. Upon the discovery of coal, the Seddonville Branch railway was built into the foothills in the 1890s, but mining activity declined in the 1970s and the railway closed beyond Ngakawau on 3 May 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and weather</h2><br>
<p>Granite soil of poor fertility characterises the Glasgow Range. The climate is cool, humid, and cloudy. Rainfall averages 5,600-6,400 millimetres and is largely brought by westerly winds. Evaporation is low and snow is common during winter.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>A rare mollusc, the Powelliphanta lignaria rotella, is found only on the western slopes of the Glasgow Range in the Seddonville area and is considered nationally endangered. Found throughout the range are goats, while red deer were numerous prior to helicopter hunting that was especially popular in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Zhuqi Township or Jhuci Township  is a rural township in Chiayi County, Taiwan.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It has a population of 36,924 (December 2014) and an area of 162 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Administrative divisions</h2><br>
<p>The township comprises the villages of Baiqi, Duanru, Fujin, Guanghua, Heping, Jinshi, Kengtou, Longshan, Luman, Neipu, Renshou, Shakeng, Shengping, Shiye, Tangxing, Taoyuan, Wanqiao, Wenfeng, Yihe, Yilong, Yiren, Zhonghe, Zhuqi and Ziyun.</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>* Bamboo Museum</p><br>
<p>* Dulishan National Trail</p><br>
<p>* Fenchihu Old Street</p><br>
<p>* Fencihu Scenic Area</p><br>
<p>* Guanyin Waterfall Scenic Area</p><br>
<p>* Hongjing Bridge</p><br>
<p>* Millennium Suspension Bridge</p><br>
<p>* Train Museum</p><br>
<p>* Yuantan River Wildlife Conservation Water Park</p><br>
<p>* Yuntan Waterfalls</p><br>
<p>* Zhuqi Park</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The township is accessible from Lumachan Station, Zhuqi Station, Mululiao Station, Zhangnaoliao Station, Dulishan Station, Jiaoliping Station, Shuisheliao Station and Fenqihu Station of the Alishan Forest Railway.</p><br>
<p>The Mokihinui River is a river located on the West Coast of New Zealand&#39;s South Island, about 40 kilometres north of Westport. Meridian Energy had proposed the Mokihinui Hydro project on the river but it was cancelled in May 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Mokihinui Rivers headwaters are located in the Glasgow Range and its mouth is on the Tasman Sea. There is little human habitation near the river: the localities of Mokihinui and Summerlea are near the rivers mouth, Seddonville is a few kilometres up the river, and just prior to its terminus, State Highway 67 crosses the river outside Mokihinui. In the rugged back country behind Seddonville at the Mokihinui Forks, the river splits into two branches, north and south. The catchment of these two branches is a large inland basin of almost wholly unmodified forest.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>A tramping track runs along the south bank of the river giving access to Kahurangi National Park.</p><br>
<p>The river of interest for recreation and commercial whitewater activities. There is three hours of grade III water downstream from where the north and south forks meet. A river level of 1-1.5 metres is an optimum flow.</p><br>
<h2>Railway</h2><br>
<p>The last few kilometres of the former Seddonville Branch railway roughly followed the Mokihinui River near its mouth. The Branch opened on 23 February 1895 and closed on 3 May 1981, while a further extension beyond Seddonville to Mokihinui Mine closed in February 1974.</p><br>
<p>During this period, the New Zealand Railways Department dumped two old steam locomotives along the river&#39;s banks between Seddonville and Mokihinui Mine to protect against erosion. The first of these locomotives, W 292, was dumped in 1958, while sister W 299 was dumped in January 1960. Both were recovered from the Mokihinui River in 1989 by the Baldwin Steam Trust, and are under restoration at the Rimutaka Incline Railway.</p><br>
<p>Chest Creek is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Cambria County and Clearfield County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 40.4 mi long and flows through Allegheny Township, East Carroll Township, Clearfield Township, Patton, Chest Township, and Elder Township in Cambria County and Westover Township, Chest Township, Newburg, Bell Township, and Maheffy in Clearfield County. Although it is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by situation, it is a coldwater fishery or a high-quality coldwater fishery throughout its length. The watershed of the creek has an area of 129.22 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Chest Creek begins in a valley in Allegheny Township, Cambria County. It flows north for several miles to Bradley Junction, where its valley widens and it turns northeast. The creek picks up the tributary Laurel Lick Run and eventually turns north again and flows along the border between East Caroroll Township and Clearfield Township. It eventually reaches the community of Patton, where it picks up the tributary Little Chest Creek and turns north-northwest, flowing along the border between Chest Township and Elder Township. After a number of miles, the creek receives the tributaries Rock Run and Brubaker Run. A short distance downstream, it leaves Cambria County.</p><br>
<p>Upon leaving Cambria County, Chest Creek enters Westover Township, Clearfield County. In this township, the creek turns northeast, picking up Rougues Harbor Run and Ashcraft Run. It then passes by the community of Westover. The creek enters Chest Township, Clearfield County and starts meandering. It crosses once and flows parallel to Pennsylvania Route 36 for a number of miles and receives the tributaries Pine Run, Spring Run, Kings Run, Snyder Run, and North Camp Run. The creek eventually passes through the community of Newburg, where it receives Wilson Run and Rattling Run. It then enters Bell Township and turns northwest, flowing parallel to Pennsylvania Route 36. A few miles later, it passes through Maheffy and reaches its confluence with the West Branch Susquehanna River.</p><br>
<h3>Tributaries</h3><br>
<p>Tributaries of Chest Creek include Ashcraft Run, Brubaker Run, and Duclos Run.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>A total of 20.29 mi of Chest Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by siltation.</p><br>
<p>The annual load of sediment in the main stem of Chest Creek is 12,340,075.6 lb. About 8,531,600.0 lb per year comes from croplands and 2,707,800.0 lb comes from stream banks. A total of 830,200.0 lb of sediment per year comes from hay and pastures, and 106,000.0 lb comes from land classified by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "low-intensity development". About 91,400.0 lb of sediment per year comes from forests and 41,200.0 lb per year comes from turf grass. About 9,000.0 lb per year comes from land classified by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "transition", 4,200.0 lb comes from coal mines, and 400.0 lb comes from wetlands.</p><br>
<h2>Geography, geology, and climate</h2><br>
<p>The elevation near the mouth of Chest Creek is 1,253 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>There are strainers throughout the length of Chest Creek. Additionally, there are two dams on the creek in its upper reaches. The creek flows through a canyon in its middle reaches.</p><br>
<p>The main stem of Chest Creek is in the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province.</p><br>
<p>The average rate of rainfall in the watershed of Chest Creek is 46.12 in per year. The average rate of runoff is 3.53 in per year.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of Chest Creek has an area of 129.22 square miles. There are approximately 264 mi of streams in the watershed.</p><br>
<p>Fifty-seven percent of the watershed of the main stem of Chest Creek is forested land. Thirty-seven percent of this part of the watershed is agricultural land, and 6 percent has other uses.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Most of Chest Creek (the entire length of the creek between its mouth and Patton) is designated as a coldwater fishery. The creek&#39;s headwaters are designated as a high-quality coldwater fishery.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>It is possible to canoe on 34.0 mi of Chest Creek during snowmelt or within two days of heavy rain. The difficulty rating of the creek is between 1 and 3. Edward Gertler describes the scenery along it as between poor and good, depending on the location. The creek is the first major tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River that it is possible to canoe on.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mackintosh is a long man made lake related to the Pieman power development running north-south past Mount Farrell, adjacent to the town of Tullah in Tasmania.</p><br>
<p>It dams the Mackintosh River and Sophia River, then feeds Mackintosh Power Station through into Lake Rosebery.</p><br>
<p>The lake was created in the 1980s and the main basin of the lake was originally a Button Grass swamp prior to inundation.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mackintosh in held by 2 dams, the main Mackintosh dam and the smaller Tullabardine Dam. The lake&#39;s deepest point is roughly 60m deep at the base of the main dam. It is one of the larger sized water impoundments of the Pieman power scheme</p><br>
<p>The Murchison River is also fed into this lake through the Murchison Dam, to the south.</p><br>
<p>The Murchison Highway borders the lake to the West.</p><br>
<p>The Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park as a component part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, has its western boundary lying to the east of the lake shores.</p><br>
<p>Green Lake is a natural tidal lake in Calhoun County, Texas, on the Guadalupe River flood basin. Known for its greenish waters, from which its name derives, the lake is located 12 mi west of Port Lavaca and 22 mi south of Victoria on the Gulf Coastal Plain. Despite being less than 3 mi from the coast of San Antonio Bay, its waters are fresh. It is the largest natural freshwater lake entirely in Texas, covering an area of approximately 10,000 acres .</p><br>
<p>Separated from San Antonio Bay by the Guadalupe River delta around 2,200 years ago, a wetland ecosystem supporting a wide variety of waterfowl developed along the lake shore and the Guadalupe River delta. Archaeological evidence supports claims of Karankawa settlement.</p><br>
<p>An affluent 19th-century agricultural community of the same name established near the lakeside in the mid-19th century, but dwindled in status, becoming virtually abandoned in the aftermath of the American Civil War. It was strategically important during the early stages of the war, due to its proximity to fresh water and the Gulf of Mexico. After reaching its low point during the Great Depression, the lakeside community modestly rebounded in 1947 following the nearby discovery of oil. A fictional lake of the same name and with a similar history is featured in the 1998 novel Holes.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Green Lake is about 13 mi in circumference and about 2 mi wide. The shoreline is naturally grassy and poorly drained with coastal marshes between the lake and San Antonio Bay.</p><br>
<p>To improve drainage, a levee was constructed in 1967, separating the lake from the Victoria Barge Canal, which runs along the bay&#39;s northern and eastern shores; cutting off several bayous from the lake. The canal begins north at an industrial plant outside Victoria and empties in San Antonio Bay in Seadrift. Hog Bayou runs along the western shore of Green Lake, through the Guadalupe Delta Wildlife Management Area to the south, before its confluence with Mission Lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Formation</h3><br>
<p>Green Lake formed initially as a northern inlet of San Antonio Bay. As the Guadalupe River shifted westward about 2,500 years ago, it deposited silt, developing a delta that prograded into San Antonio Bay. Around 2,200 years ago the delta discharge extended completely across the bay, severing the northern extension from the system, which formed present-day Green Lake. Pottery and burial grounds found in the area suggest a presence of Karankawa Indians at the time of formation. Middens uncovered north of the lake contained shells from the brackish water-species of rangia clams (rangia cuneata).</p><br>
<h3>Settlement</h3><br>
<p>Wealthy cotton farmers from Kentucky established plantations and settled the fertile lands near the lake during the 1850s, establishing the town of Green Lake, Texas. First-hand accounts described it as "the locality of a neighborhood characterized by wealth and social standing of the residents."</p><br>
<p>After the American Civil War, returning residents found that their slaves, livestock and farm equipment had been taken. Most residents relocated. However, in the early 20th century, farmers returned and the town of Green Lake modestly grew to an approximate population of 300 in 1914. At the time, much of the land in the vicinity was used for livestock grazing. The only profitable commercial uses for the lake itself included transportation of lumber and fishing. Approximately US$100,000 worth of fish were caught in the lake from 1900 to 1915. Nevertheless, the lake bed remained dry for extended periods and vegetation covered certain areas. Local residents soon began to use the bed to grow cotton.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, Texas filed a trespass to try title suit to reclaim the lake bed for the state. In Welder v. State, the Texas Court of Civil Appeals in Austin declared the lake permanent and navigable-in-fact, granting the bed to the state under the purview of the Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission (later Texas Parks and Wildlife Department). Without permission from the Texas Attorney General, the Texas Land Commissioner then sold the bed to a private buyer for agricultural use in 1918. In the 1948 case of State v. Bryan, the Texas Court of Civil Appeals in Austin upheld the sale as valid under color of law, and immune from a trespass to try title suit due to the one-year statute of limitations on land sales. However, under the Texas Water Rights Adjudication Act of 1967, Green Lake was classified as a public body of water. The Supreme Court of Texas affirmed this classification in 1988, rejecting the argument of the bed&#39;s then-owner that it was not a lake by definition, but a natural depression flooded with surface runoff.</p><br>
<p>During the Great Depression, the population of the Green Lake settlement dwindled to 25. It remained low until the discovery of oil in 1947. Twenty wells were constructed at the Green Lake oilfield, although as of 1984, only one still operated. By 2000, the population of Green Lake was 51, the same number reported in 1970 and 1990.</p><br>
<h3>Civil War</h3><br>
<p>The lake played a role in the evacuation of federal troops from Texas at the onset of the American Civil War. As Texas considered whether to secede from the United States, General David E. Twiggs, commander of federal troops in Texas negotiated with state leaders concerning the transfer of federal property. After learning of such negotiations, the United States military moved to decommission Twiggs, and replace him with Colonel Carlos Waite. Texas viewed this move as a rejection of the negotiations and proceeded to forcefully claim the federal property. Twiggs, while awaiting relief from Waite, surrendered the property on the condition that federal troops could peacefully evacuate. They were allowed to depart, but only from the Texas coast. Waite arrived and relocated troops near Green Lake, where they could await coastal departure near an adequate source of freshwater. During the stay, Fort Sumter fell under siege, and Texas grew concerned about the concentration of armed federal troops in the area. With their respective nations now at war, Texas considered the deal with Twiggs void, and began to capture federal troops to force them to either join the Confederacy or be Prisoners of War. Some of the remaining uncaptured companies elsewhere in the state attempted to flee to Green Lake. Several regiments camped by the lake later in the war, and complained about mosquitos.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>In the area around Green Lake there are forests of pecan, black willow, cedar, American elm, hackberry and green ash. To the south, the Guadalupe Delta Wildlife Management Area serves as a wetland habitat for thousands of permanent egrets, and other birds, including the brown pelican, reddish egret, white-faced ibis, wood stork, bald eagle, white-tailed hawk, peregrine falcon, and the whooping crane. American alligators reside in the area as well.</p><br>
<p>Redfish and trout were once the main species of fish living in the lake, until the construction of an embankment reduced their populations. A large quantity of silt is now deposited in the lake from the Guadalupe River, after the dredging of a freshwater channel that supplies farmers and the Union Carbide plant in Seadrift. The channel has negatively affected the delta ecosystem by diminishing the river&#39;s nutritional input.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Green Lake, Texas is the setting for Louis Sachar&#39;s 1998 novel Holes, and the 2003 film adaptation. It is described as a dry lake that had once been the largest in the state, surrounded by an affluent community. After a long drought, the lake dried up and the area became a ghost town. Juvenile delinquents were sent to Camp Green Lake to dig holes in the lakebed as punishment.</p><br>
<p>Midtre Skagastølstind is one of the peaks constituting Skagastølstindane  in the Hurrungane mountain range. The 2,284 m tall mountain lies in the eastern part of the municipality of Luster in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The mountain lies in between Nordre Skagastølstind, Vetle Skagastølstind, and Store Skagastølstind. The mountains Store Styggedalstinden, Jervvasstind, and Sentraltind all lie about 1 to 2 km to the east of this mountain. The village of Skjolden lies about 15 km to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is the genitive of the name of the mountain farm Skagastølen and the last element is tind which means "mountain peak". The mountain farm (dairy farm) Skagastølen belongs to the farm Skagen in Luster and stølen is the finite form of støl which means "mountain farm". Skagen is the finite form of skage which means "headland" or "promontory" and the name is equivalent with the famous Skagen in Denmark. The word midtre means "the one in the middle".</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Cole House, also known as Cedar Grove or the Thomas Cole National Historic Site, is a National Historic Landmark that includes the home and the studio of painter Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School of American painting. It is located at 218 Spring Street, Catskill, NY, United States. The site provided Thomas Cole with a residence and studio from 1833 through his death in 1848.</p><br>
<p>The property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. It was declared a National Historic Site in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Site history</h2><br>
<h3>Pre-Cole Years</h3><br>
<p>In 1684, Gysbert uyt den Bogaert purchased about 460 acre of land from Native Americans, an area at the mouth of Catskill Creek that was bounded on the east by the Hudson River. After the death of his last descendent the land was subsequently divided and sold by a speculator in the middle of the 18th century. The land was further subdivided during the Revolutionary War, but the development of the area (including the foundations of the town of Catskill) only began in the mid-1790s when growth is described in historical sources as “very rapid.”</p><br>
<p>One of the first landowners was Dr. Thomas Thomson (1750–1805), who arrived in 1787 to practice medicine, speculate in land, and live with his family. After his death and the return of his son Thomas T. Thomson from South America in 1815, the doctor and his family purchased and leased neighboring lots until their property encompassed 155 acre at its apex. During this period, the family built a Federal-style house as their primary residence, finishing construction in 1816. The first documented references to the property as ‘Cedar Grove’ date to this time.</p><br>
<p>In 1821, Thomas T. Thomson died. His brother John A. Thomson, known familiarly as “Uncle Sandy,” assumed duties as head of the household. The Cedar Grove property was a working farm, with oxen, cows, beef cattle, hogs, and one horse. Barley, oats, corn, and hay were cultivated, though orchards produced the primary cash crop of the farm. A large extended family lived with Uncle Sandy, including four of his orphaned nieces.</p><br>
<h3>Cole’s residency</h3><br>
<p>When Thomas Cole arrived in the early 1830s, Cedar Grove had become “a viable gentleman’s farm.” Looking to secure a more permanent residence in the Catskill area while maintaining a studio in New York City, Cole rented space from the Thomson family to live and paint. In November 1836 he formally entered the family, marrying John A. Thomson’s niece Maria Bartow in the West Parlor of the Cedar Grove house. She was 23 years old to his 35.</p><br>
<p>Cole painted numerous scenes of the Catskill landscape around Cedar Grove, including such well-known paintings as ‘Lake with Dead Trees,’ and ‘Kaaterskill Falls.’ Cedar Grove continues to offer views of the Catskill mountains, and Cole expressed his feelings for the site and its proximity to the wilderness in poetry and letters. In 1834 he wrote,</p><br>
<p>"O Cedar Grove! Whene’er I think to part / From thine all peaceful shades my aching heart / Is like to his who leaves some blessed shore / A weeping exile ne’er to see it more…”</p><br>
<p>Cole purchased two and a half acres of land outright from John A. Thomson, intending to construct a separate house for his wife and himself, but never did so. Instead, he lived in the master bedroom formerly occupied by John A. Thomson, and raised his children in the main house.</p><br>
<p>Late in 1839 Cole moved into a new studio, using part of a barn that John A. Thomson had constructed. The studio still stands today, replete with an extra window built to give the artist more northern light. Here Cole painted a number of important works, most notably The Voyage of Life. After John A. Thomson’s death in 1846, Cole erected another studio on the property, which was demolished in the 1970s. In February 1848 Cole caught pneumonia and died in the master bedroom at Cedar Grove, leaving behind his wife and four children.</p><br>
<h3>Post-Cole years</h3><br>
<p>Cole’s student Frederic Edwin Church became a close friend of the family and sketched much of Cedar Grove in 1848. Following Cole’s death, a number of artists traveled to visit Cedar Grove, with some renting his studio and making paintings and sketches of the houses and grounds. Jasper Francis Cropsey and Charles Herbert Moore were among those who visited, and descriptions of the site began to appear in magazines and newspapers. Cole’s privileged position in American art during the mid-19th century ensured constant interest in his place of work by the artistic community until many years after his death.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s, however, the family had fallen on hard financial circumstances, with Frederic Church forced to assist them in 1882. The size of the property gradually diminished due to a combination of public works (including a road and reservoir) and sales to help the family’s financial situation. In 1933 the construction of the nearby Rip Van Winkle Bridge at first threatened to demolish the house, but after concerted efforts by the Cole family only took a portion of land.</p><br>
<p>In 1964 the last surviving descendent of Cole held an auction to sell a number of Cole’s paintings and furnishings. During the 1960s, the historic flower beds were abandoned, and the old cottage that Cole had initially rented was demolished. After New York State declined to preserve the property, it was purchased by the Catskill Center for Conservation and Development who listed it for sale with restrictive deed covenants in 1981. In 1982 it was purchased by four art enthusiasts who began restoration work. After the National Park Service declined to acquire the site, a grant from the Beecher Trust helped the Greene County Historical Society purchase the site in 1998. Restoration began in earnest and Cedar Grove opened to the public in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Monte Leone is the highest mountain of the Lepontine Alps and is located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. The mountain stands on the extreme west of the Lepontine Alps, a few kilometres east of Simplon Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Leone in Italian means lion, and the mountains name is said to come from the look of its south faces profile. A different origin of the name could be Munt dlAiun, which in the local dialect means Aiun&#39;s mountain; Aione is a nearby village and mount Leone is situated close to meadows traditionally owned by the villagers.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>In the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain belongs to an alpine subsection of Lepontine Alps called "North-Western Lepontine Alps" (It:Alpi del Monte Leone e del San Gottardo; De:Monte Leone-Sankt Gotthard-Alpen).</p><br>
<p>Ziria  is a village and a community in Achaea, Greece. It is situated in the hills near the Gulf of Corinth coast, 11 km northwest of Aigio. The community consists of the villages Ziria, Ano Ziria, Kyani Akti, Lampiri, Rodini and Sarkounas. Ziria is part of the municipal unit of Erineos. It had a population of 501 in 2011, and the population of the community was 822. Until 1998, Ziria was an independent commune. It became part of Erineos under the 1998 Capodistrian Plan, and Erineos became part of Aigialeia at the 2011 Kallikratis reform.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around Ziria in the ancient times was part of the Achaean League. Today&#39;s Lampiri was the port of the ancient town Erineus, which was destroyed in 412 BC by Athenian and Corinthian generals. The name Lampiri comes from the Frankish nobleman Gerardin de Lambrie who ruled the area in the 14th century.</p><br>
<p>Cay Sal Bank  is the third largest  and the westernmost of the Bahama Banks. It is located between 23º27N - 24º10N and 079º25W – 080º35W. In a geographical sense, it is separate from the Bahamas proper as it is much closer to Cuba  than to the closest Bahamanian island. It is separated by Santaren Channel from the Great Bahama Bank, the western rim of which is 50 km to the east. The Straits of Florida separate it from the United States mainland and the Florida Keys .</p><br>
<p>Administratively, the bank and its islands are part of Bimini district, the main islands of which are 150 km to the north. The closest point of any other named Bahamian land to the bank is Orange Cay (24&deg;56&prime;24&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;08&prime;45&Prime;W longitude), the southernmost island of the Bimini Chain. The distance between Orange Cay and the nearest dry land of Cay Sal Bank, the Dog Rocks, is 120 km. The westernmost tip of Andros is the second closest point of land, approximately 145 km east of Cay Sal Bank.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cay Sal Bank is an atoll of roughly triangular shape, with a base along the south rim of 105 km, and a width of 66 km north-south.</p><br>
<p>With a surface of 5,226.73 km² it is one of the largest atolls of the world. Among the atolls with some land area (i.e. disregarding totally submerged atoll structures), Cay Sal Bank is second only to Great Chagos Bank. The lagoonal surface has a depth of 9 to 16 m. The individual islands (i.e. islets or cays) are 96 in number.</p><br>
<p>Cay Sal Bank has numerous islets along its rim, except along the south side facing Nicholas Channel, where it has only rocky coral heads. It has a total of 96 islands, islets and rocks awash, with a total land area of 14.87 km².</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>The islands, rocks and reefs along the rim of the atoll are listed clockwise from southwest to southeast. There are also a number of smaller, unnamed cays or rocks. Some of the historical Spanish language names of the features of the bank were replaced by English names when the Bahamas became a British Crown colony in the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>Lavenderas Rocks (Lavanderas), 23&deg;40&prime;38&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;20&prime;57&Prime;W longitude. It is a submerged reef to the ESE of Cay Sal Island.</p><br>
<p>Cay Sal (Cayo de Sal), 23&deg;41&prime;20&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;23&prime;26&Prime;W longitude. Cay Sal, the main island in the southwest, is 1.6 km, 1.22 km&sup2; in area, and is no longer inhabited. In its interior is a large salt pond commonly replenished by heavy wind-driven seas that broach the islet along its southwest side. It is covered with stunted palm trees and marked by several dilapidated buildings standing on its west side. This cay gives the name to the whole bank in the English language.</p><br>
<p>Rompidas Ledge, 23&deg;46&prime;N latitude, 80&deg;27&prime;W longitude (submerged). Rompidas Ledge is a submerged coral head 3 km northwest of Cay Sal, about 1 km&sup2; in extension and only 6 m deep. The cargo ship M/V Cork ran aground there in 1983, and position is marked by its wreck.</p><br>
<p>The compact group formed by Elbow Cays, Crenula Cay, Double Headed Shot Cays, Water Cays and Marion Rock is known in Spanish as Los Roques. These northwestern cays gave their name to the whole bank in the Spanish language.</p><br>
<p>#Elbow Cays, 23&deg;57&prime;04&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;27&prime;27&Prime;W longitude are the westernmost group, running southwest to northeast along the Straits of Florida. The southernmost cays of the group consist of unnamed islets and rocks. Northeast of these are South Elbow Cay (the westernmost named cay of Cay Sal Bank) and North Elbow Cay, sometimes known just as Elbow Cay (Cayo Codo). North Elbow Cay, which is the largest and highest of the cays, is marked by a disused conical stone lighthouse, which is 17.7 m high.</p><br>
<p>#Crenula Cay 23&deg;58&prime;40&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;21&prime;52&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>#Double Headed Shot Cays, 23&deg;59&prime;50&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;19&prime;15&Prime;W longitude. The Double Headed Shot Cays are a group of elongated cays that extend northeastward from the Elbow Cays, incorporating the Water Cays and all islets and reefs up to the Deadman Cays. They are in a position on the northwest side of Cay Sal Bank where the Florida Current, in its course east and north through the Straits of Florida, usually sets close offshore at full strength.</p><br>
<p>#Water Cays (Cayo del Agua) (West Water Cay and East Water Cay), 23&deg;59&prime;26&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;20&prime;26&Prime;W longitude. These cays were mentioned by Alexander Von Humboldt.</p><br>
<p>#Marion Rock, 24&deg;01&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;20&prime;30&Prime;W longitude (submerged). Located of the northern coast of the Los Roques reef.</p><br>
<p>Deadman Cays, 24&deg;00&prime;45&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;15&prime;14&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Muertos Cays (Cayo de Muertos), 24&deg;02&prime;07&Prime;N latitude, 80&deg;08&prime;34&Prime;W longitude, located between the Los Roques and the Dog Rocks.</p><br>
<p>Dog Rocks, (Cayo de Perros), 24&deg;03&prime;27&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;52&prime;14&Prime;W longitude the northeasternmost island/reef group.</p><br>
<p>Damas Cays (Cayo de Damas), 23&deg;52&prime;22&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;46&prime;24&Prime;W longitude Located on the approximate centre of the eastern side of the bank.</p><br>
<p>Dangerous Shoals or Dangerous Rocks (Cayo de Piedras)</p><br>
<p>#North Dangerous Shoals, 23&deg;48&prime;53&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;44&prime;22&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>#South Dangerous Shoal, 23&deg;44&prime;13&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;41&prime;49&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Bellows Cay, 23&deg;41&prime;15&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;40&prime;15&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Anguilla Cays, 23&deg;30&prime;01&Prime;N latitude, 79&deg;32&prime;30&Prime;W longitude. Anguilla Cays, near the southeast extremity of Cal Say Bank, consist of several elongated, scrub-covered, sandy islands which are swampy near their southern end, and are marked here and there by stunted palm trees. The northern end of Anguilla Cays is marked by a beacon, 5 m high. Anguilla Cay is the name of the northern and second largest of the Anguilla Cays. Cotton Cay (sometimes just South Anguilla Cay) is the largest and southernmost of the Anguilla Cays. Between the two is the much smaller Middle Cay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Spanish navigators visited the area plotting it for the first time on a map in 1511 as Los Roques and it was mapped by subsequent cartographers often with its adjacent Placer. The atoll was subsequently claimed for the Spanish crown by Juan Ponce de León. The bank was under the Spanish rule for about two centuries until 1718 when the Bahamas became a Crown colony of the British Empire. In 1825 Alexander Von Humboldt highlighted that the Salt Cays were a danger for navigation, but that the waters had been previously well charted by Francisco de Seixas in 1692:</p><br>
<p>Cay Sal Lighthouse, a tall stone lighthouse was built by the British on the island of North Elbow Cay in 1839 along with some small buildings. It marked the southern entrance to the Florida Straits from the Gulf of Mexico and was active until the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The United States Coast Guard constantly monitors Cay Sal Bank for refugees from Cuba. Cay Sal is about thirty miles away from the northern Cuban coast and many Cubans attempting to cross the Straits of Florida on makeshift boats and rafts reached North Elbow Cay and wrote their names in the ruins of the lighthouse. Refugees rescued on the island have included pregnant women and children and are reported to have employed a variety of craft including small, ill-equipped boats, in spite of the possibility of pursuit by the Cuban military.</p><br>
<p>Currently Cay Sal Bank is known for its many excellent scuba diving spots, but good weather is needed in order to approach the reefs without danger.</p><br>
<h3>Cartography</h3><br>
<p>Ancient maps and nautical charts show Los Roques or Elbow Cays with or without the Placer or Pracel to the east. In the older maps the size of the cays and their adjacent bank was often exaggerated and merged with the Great Bahama Bank.</p><br>
<p>Switzler Hall is an academic hall on the campus of the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. The building was completed in 1872, and it is located on the west side of the David R. Francis Quadrangle. Switzler Hall is the oldest academic building and second oldest structure on campus after the Chancellors Residence. The building was named after Colonel William Franklin Switzler, editor and publisher of the Missouri Statesman and supporter of the University. Today the building houses the Department of Communication, Womens and Gender Studies, and the Special Degrees Program. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Bell Tower</h2><br>
<p>One component of Switzler Hall is the bell tower. The bell was given to the University by Major James S. Rollins and is inscribed with the words "Nunc occasion est et tempus," which translated is, "Now is the occasion and the time." While the bell originally rang for classes until 1936, it now only rings for Tap Day, the Mizzou 39 ceremony, and to honor the passing of members of the MU family. During the time the bell was used to signal the start of classes, it was a longstanding prank among many student to steal the bell&#39;s clapper, so that the signal for classes to start would not be sounded.</p><br>
<h2>Silo</h2><br>
<p>Switzler Hall is also home to a mysterious three-story "silo" through the center of the structure. The cylindrical, 8-foot-diameter, brick, silo rises from the basement to the roof of the building. In the middle of the silo, a solid wooden structure, which resembles some sort of dumbwaiter device or ladder, also rises to the attic. The purpose of the silo is still unknown; however, some of the proposed original uses include use as a means of roof access, as part of a heating and cooling system, as a drop tower for physics students, or as an elaborate means of venting chemical work on the lower floors.</p><br>
<p>Tanaga Island  is an island in the western Andreanof Islands, in the southwest part of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The island has a land area of 204 square miles, making it the 33rd largest oceanic island in the United States. Its highest point is volcano Mount Tanaga  at 5,925 ft.</p><br>
<p>Tanaga Island measures 43 km long and 38 km wide.</p><br>
<p>Tanaga Island is about 62 mi west of Adak Island, the nearest inhabited island. There are several large waterfalls on Tanaga Island. Tanaga Island is uninhabited, but several cabins are shown on the NOAA nautical chart, as well as some Aleut villages on the east side of the island.</p><br>
<p>There are no native land mammals on Tanaga Island.</p><br>
<p>Tanaga Island was established as a Navy emergency landing field in July 1943 as an adjunct to the Adak Naval Operation Base. Navy Seabees built a runway, small-craft pier, mooring area, office and storage buildings, radio building, galley and mess facilities, dispensary, and 4 mi of gravel road in 1943, near Lash Bay in the southwest of the island. The site was abandoned in 1945. The control tower is still shown on nautical charts.</p><br>
<h2>Volcano</h2><br>
<p>The last known eruption of Tanaga volcano occurred in 1914. Earlier eruptions were reported in 1763-1770, 1791, and 1829. Reports of these eruptions are vague, but deposits on the flanks of the volcano show that typical eruptions produce blocky lava flows and occasional ash clouds.</p><br>
<p>Eruptions have occurred both from the summit vent and a 5,197 ft satellite vent on the volcano&#39;s northeast flank. Immediately west of Tanaga volcano lies Sajaka, a 4,443 ft compound edifice.</p><br>
<p>Takawanghas 4,754 ft summit is mostly ice-covered, except for four young craters that have erupted ash and lava flows in the last few thousand years. Parts of Takawanghas edifice are hydrothermally altered and may be unstable, and could produce localized debris avalanches. No historical eruptions are known from Sajaka or Takawangha; however, field work shows that recent eruptions have occurred and it is possible that historic eruptions attributed only to Tanaga may instead have come from these other vents.</p><br>
<h3>2017</h3><br>
<p>A swarm of earthquakes was reported in January 2017 about 6 kilometers from Takawangha, causing the Alaska Volcano Observatory to raise the alert level to YELLOW/ADVISORY</p><br>
<p>Uno is an island in the Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau and forms a part of the sector of Uno. Its area is 104 km&sup2;. Nearby islands and islets includes Enu to the northeast, Uracane to the east, Orango to the south, Unhacomo and Unhacomozinho to the west and Porcos and Carache to the northwest. It belongs to a Biosphere Reserve which itself is a World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<p>Its wide majority of the island consists nothing but a tropical rainforest which include mangroves as is to other parts of the archipelago and Guinea-Bissau, parts of the island are swampy as the island is predominantly flat. The only agricultural areas are by its small villages. Also its unforested portions are its beaches.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding shores of the island are predominantly shallow and numerous marine fauna including corals are founded. Up to around 6000 to 5000 BC in the Late Ice Age, they were part of the African mainland.</p><br>
<p>Heslar Naval Armory  was constructed in 1936 in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, on the shore of White River as a Works Progress Administration construction project. It was designed by architect Ben H. Bacon and reflects an Art Moderne style. Heslar Naval Armory was the home of Naval Operations Support Center Indianapolis, Marine Corps Reserve Center Indianapolis, and Naval Recruiting Station Indianapolis, as well as the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps Cruiser Indianapolis  Division and the Central Indiana Young Marines of the Marine Corps League. In October 2008 the Indiana Wing Civil Air Patrol, state branch of the US Air Force Auxiliary, moved its headquarters functions and staff to the Armory.</p><br>
<p>The building and property are legally owned by the State of Indiana and managed by the Indiana State Armory Board (an entity of the Indiana National Guard), but were leased to the federal government for use by the United States Navy Reserve and the United States Marine Corps Reserve until early 2015. The facility will be converted to educational use with the planned opening of Riverside High School in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction began on the US$550,000 project in February 1936, and the building was officially dedicated as the Indianapolis Naval Reserve Armory at a ceremony on October 29, 1938. John K. Jennings, Indiana State WPA administrator, presented the building to Elmer F. Streub, adjutant-general, who then presented it to Captain O.F. Heslar, commandant of the Indiana State Naval Reserve. Louis J. Bornstein, representing the citizen&#39;s dedication committee, served as toastmaster. Guests included Lieutenant-Governor Henry F. Schricker; Indianapolis Mayor Walter C. Boetcher; Admiral Hayne Ellis, commander of the Ninth Naval District; and representatives of the Navy Department and the Navy Reserves of several states.</p><br>
<p>The structure was built of reinforced architectural concrete with steel roof trusses. Upon completion, the four-story building included a navigation bridge, signal hoist, magazine, battle telephones, boiler room, radio communication, watertight bulkheads, ship&#39;s ladders, galley, 50 ft swimming pool, gymnasium, rifle range, classrooms, and mess and quarters for officers and enlisted staff. The mess hall and gymnasium were decorated with 12 by murals depicting famous naval battles and events.</p><br>
<p>Inscribed around the rotunda and on the walls of the exterior are the surnames of several significant figures in Naval History including George H. Preble, George Dewey, Oliver Hazard Perry, John Paul Jones, and David Glasgow Farragut.</p><br>
<p>On November 20, 1939, Captain O. F. Heslar (1891–1970) took command of the armory and the USS Sacramento, the gunboat aboard which the Naval Reserve force trained on Lake Michigan each summer. Captain Heslar remained in this capacity through November 1940, when he was ordered to take his ship and her crew to Boston, Massachusetts, for refitting. It was here that the vessel was transferred to the active USA Navy and was docked at Pearl Harbor when that base was attacked by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. She survived the attack while shooting down at least two enemy fighters, and participated in rescue and salvage operations immediately afterward.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the inland location was ideal when generals and admirals, seeking to avoid the constant surveillance on the coasts, gathered regularly at the armory in Indianapolis to plan their Atlantic and Pacific campaigns, including elements of the pivotal Battle of Normandy that began June 6, 1944. Throughout World War II, the Indianapolis Naval Reserve Armory remained a vital facility where radioman and yeoman recruits trained for sea duty. Following that conflict it returned to a peacetime reserve function. In 1946, the United States Marine Corps reactivated Headquarters Co. 16th Infantry Battalion for training and ordered them to Heslar. This unit was called for duty in Korea in 1950.</p><br>
<p>On December 12, 1964, the Indianapolis Naval Armory was renamed the Heslar Naval Armory in honor of its first and longest-serving commanding officer in a dinner ceremony emceed by Harry T. Ice. Mrs. Heslar was ill and unable to attend, but a tape recording was played for her later in their home in New Augusta. In attendance were Heslar&#39;s son, Lieutenant Fred G. Heslar USNR, and his wife, as well as former Indiana Governor Ralph Gates; Rear Admiral Howard A. Yeager, Commandant of the Ninth Naval District, Great Lakes Illinois; Colonel George P. Hill Jr, Commanding Officer of Fort Harrison; Commander Joseph W. Tilford, commanding officer of the Indianapolis Naval Reserve; Brigadier General John D. Friday of the Indiana National Guard; Brigadier General G. Wray DePrez Indiana National Guard (ret.), president of the Indiana State Armory Board; Brigadier General Kenneth E. Keene, assistant chief, Indiana Air National Guard; Captain James C. Wootton, commanding officer of Naval Avionics Facility; Captain Firman F. Knachel; and Captain Robert O. Jackson, commander of Indiana Naval Forces.</p><br>
<p>Unveiled at the ceremony was a plaque that is now mounted on the exterior of the rotunda and reads:</p><br>
<p>Heslar Naval Armoryin honor ofCaptain Ola Fred Heslar, USNR (Ret.)Commanding Officer of the Naval Reserve State of Indiana 1921-1940</p><br>
<p>A dedicated Naval officer and true hoosier, Captain Heslar has given unselfishly of his time, knowledge, and efforts to further the Naval Reserve and the Indiana Naval Forces.</p><br>
<p>Held in the highest esteem by his fellow officers and fellow hoosiers, it is altogether fitting that this armory be dedicated and so named.</p><br>
<p>Matthew E. WelshGovernor, State of Indiana</p><br>
<p>1964</p><br>
<p>In 1978, after the nearby Marine Reserve facility in Riverside Municipal Park was damaged, a decision was made to renovate the Armory and accommodate local Marine Reserve Components. Renovation began in 1977 with the removal of nearly all non-support internal structure and replacing them with a more modern floorplan. Also, a large parking lot was created on the former site of the Riverside Amusement Park. On November 1, 1978, the facility was re-designated as a Navy and Marine Corps Reserve Center.</p><br>
<p>In early 2015 the Navy and the Marine Corps discontinued use of the facility. Herron High School will open a second campus named Riverside High School in fall 2017 with a freshman class of 200 students. Modifications will be made to the interior to create classroom space, but most of the structure is expected to be left intact.</p><br>
<p>Heslar Naval Armory has been listed as a contributing property to the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System, along with several other sites and buildings. The buildings together form a Historic district that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Captain Ola F. Heslar (1891-1970)</h2><br>
<p>Ola Fred Heslar was born October 5, 1891, in Brazil, Indiana, to Walter and Minnie (née Rhodes) Heslar. He attended grade school in Brazil and Crawfordsville, and high school in Indianapolis. He enlisted in the USA Navy in 1907 and, after basic training, was assigned to a submarine in the Philippine Islands. Later, he was stationed at Norfolk Navy Yard as a radioman.</p><br>
<p>In April 1913, Heslar married Alice Marie Young of Rockland, Maine. He earned a commission in 1916 and served aboard the USS Vulcan in the Mediterranean and Atlantic. Next, and no doubt in reflection of his experience as a radioman, Heslar was assigned as Officer-in-Charge of the Transatlantic Radio Station in Tuckerton, New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>From 1919 until 1920, Heslar served as a staff officer under Admiral Henry Braid Wilson, Commander in Chief, USA Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANT), 1919-1921. He continued that duty under Admiral Hilary P. Jones when Admiral Jones accepted the post of Commander in Chief of the USA Atlantic Fleet in 1922.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, Capt. Heslar retired from active Navy service and entered the USA Navy Reserve. He was assigned to active duty as Area Commander of Indiana, and later Chief of Naval Affairs for the State of Indiana. It was in these posts that he founded and organized the Indiana Naval Forces by initiating the Indiana Naval Militia Act, which was passed into law on March 1, 1927. Also in this capacity, Capt. Heslar oversaw the construction of the Naval Armories at Indianapolis and Michigan City. Capt. Heslar set a standard that was to be followed nationwide by naval reserve training and operational facilities when he established the first naval training activities at Heslar Naval Armory. During this time, Captain Heslar was also a member of the Great Lakes Commission of Indiana, and the Indiana Board of Public Harbors.</p><br>
<p>Heslars first wife died in August 1930, having borne no children. In 1934, Heslar remarried to Mabel Kathleen Gasaway of Indianapolis. In July 1938, Fred Gasaway Heslar, Capt. Heslars only child, was born.</p><br>
<p>With the beginning of World War II Capt. Heslar returned to staff and combat duties serving as Director of Training, 9th Naval District, Great Lakes, Illinois and, later, on the staff of Admiral William Halsey. On May 17, 1943 Capt. Heslar was awarded an honorary doctorate of law from DePauw University. He then went on to perform postgraduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University.</p><br>
<p>In 1944, it was announced that Captain Heslar would be promoted to Rear Admiral. However, due to his health, he was sent to the Mayo Clinic and forced to permanently retire from Naval Service. In 1959, he was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service.</p><br>
<p>Upon returning home to Indianapolis, newly elected Republican Governor Ralph M. Gates appointed Captain Heslar to the position of Indiana State Purchasing Director, which the Captain assumed on February 1, 1945. As of January 12, 1946, he was a member of the Republican Party, the Blue Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, the Columbia Club, the Woodstock Club, and the Methodist Church.</p><br>
<h2>Commanding officers</h2><br>
<h2>Artifacts</h2><br>
<p>Heslar Naval Armory is home to several artifacts of Naval history including:</p><br>
<p>a bell from the USS Indiana cast in 1942 with the commissioning of that ship.</p><br>
<p>a bell from the USS Indianapolis cast in 1932 with the commissioning of that ship.</p><br>
<p>a damaged flag recovered from the USS Indianapolis presented to the city of Indianapolis on February 2, 1960 by the Indianapolis Council of the Navy League of the United States.</p><br>
<p>a memorial to the USS Grayback established by the Submarine Veterans of W.W.II, Hoosier Squadron. This memorial has since been removed and moved to a location unknown.</p><br>
<p>a flag recovered from the USS Fechteler, hung in the wardroom.</p><br>
<p>a quartermaster&#39;s logbook from the USAS. Indiana in 1943.</p><br>
<p>original blueprints for the USAS. Indiana.</p><br>
<h2>NOSC Indianapolis logo</h2><br>
<p>The logo for NOSC Indianapolis (then NMCRC Indianapolis) was created by QM1 Jerome (Jerry) Bennett and approved by CDR Lee Shafer in 1980.The eagle represents the USA, the Hoosier homeland is represented by the state’s outline. The unique nature of the WPA constructed building represents the peacetime home of the reservist.The ship’s wheel is for guidance, and the anchor for stability - both values central to Navy Reserve Training.</p><br>
<h2>Recent events</h2><br>
<p>On May 6, 2004, the Indiana National Guard received the Continued Use Award from the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana for "its stellar maintenance of Heslar Naval Armory". CMDR. Jeffrey Steinbronn and Col. Noble Beck, Vice President of the State Armory Board, accepted the award on behalf of the Indiana National Guard.</p><br>
<p>On May 2, 2007, Daron K. Johnson, 29, was killed while fleeing from police when he lost control of his Dodge Durango and slammed into the concrete wall surrounding the armory. He was ejected from the vehicle, which then rolled on top of him, crushing him to death. He had been arrested the previous year for alleged drug and driving offenses.</p><br>
<p>On July 21, 2007, an honor guard from NOSC Indianapolis laid to rest the remains of Fireman 3rd Class Alfred Eugene Livingston in his home town of Worthington, Indiana. F3/c Livingston was killed in the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor while aboard the USS Oklahoma. His remains were buried twice before in Hawaii, but remained unidentified until April 2007.</p><br>
<p>On August 20, 2007, Rear Admiral Gerald R. Beaman, Commander Strike Force Training Pacific, toured NOSC Indianapolis with Commanding Officer CDR J.T. Garry and staff prior to speaking at the opening ceremony of Indy Navy Week 2007.</p><br>
<p>Carrick Mountain is located in the eastern foothills of the Wicklow Mountains in the Ireland. Historically it was called Carrigmurrely  and Carrickmacreily .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain rises directly above the village of Glenealy on the R752, midway between Rathnew and Rathdrum. The mountain is, bar a few large rocky knolls, completely covered in forest.</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>There is a network of forest roads on the hill, with long straights, steeps slopes, hair-pin bends; the forest roads, with their sand and gravel surfaces, ascend to within 100 m of the summit. It is a very popular location for car rallying (official and unofficial).</p><br>
<h2>Rock climbing</h2><br>
<p>There are some granite outcrops near the summit of Carrick, which have been established as a minor rock-climbing location. About 15 single-pitch routes have been recorded, at all grades up to E2.</p><br>
<p>The Livestock Exchange Building in Omaha, Nebraska was built in 1926 at 4920 South 30 Street in South Omaha. It was designed as the centerpiece of the Union Stockyards by architect George Prinz and built by Peter Kiewit and Sons in the Romanesque revival and Northern Italian Renaissance Revival styles. In 1999 it was designated an Omaha Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Union Stockyards were closed in 1999, and the Livestock Exchange Building underwent an extensive renovation over the next several years.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to the City of Omaha Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission, the Livestock Exchange Building was the largest and most visually prominent building constructed in South Omaha. Completed for the Union Stock Yards Company of Omaha in May 1926, the Livestock Exchange Building was the most significant structure associated with the Omaha Stockyards and served as the center of the livestock industry in Omaha. Chicago and Omaha were the two largest centers for livestock processing in the nation, and the industry was the most important in the city. In 1957 the stockyards and meatpacking industry employed half the workforce of Omaha.</p><br>
<p>Once the center of business and trading in the midst of 260 acre of livestock pens, the Livestock Exchange Building housed the Stockyards National Bank, offices, a bakery, cafeteria, kitchen, soda fountain, cigar stand, telephone and telegraph offices, apartments and sleeping rooms, a clothing store and a convention hall. There are two ballrooms located on the 10th floor, with 22-foot ceilings in an elegant Romanesque and Northern Italian Renaissance Revival style. The North Ballroom has a built-in bar, stage and hardwood floors. The South Ballroom has a balcony, three private boardrooms and a large dance surface.</p><br>
<p>A complex public-private renovation was completed in 2005. The building was converted to mixed-use, yielding more than 100 apartments, plus community and commercial space. Its historical character was preserved and it will be the center of a new neighborhood. The surrounding area will be redeveloped for mixed commercial, medical and light industrial uses. One of the most recent additions is the newest iteration of the South Omaha Library, a partnership between the City of Omaha and the Metropolitan Community College. The College has also opened a new campus on the site of the former stockyards.</p><br>
<p>Voio  is a mountain range in the southwestern Kastoria and western Kozani regional units in Greece. The mountain is part of the Pindus mountains. Its highest elevation is 1,805 m. It is a densely forested and sparsely populated mountain range. It is drained towards the river Sarantaporos in the west and towards the Aliakmonas in the east. The nearest mountain ranges are Gramos to the west and Smolikas to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>The nearest villages are Pentalofos in the east, Eptachori in the west and Kypseli in the north. The municipality Voio, named after the mountains, is situated in the eastern part. The Greek National Road 20 (Kozani - Konitsa - Ioannina) passes through the mountains, 2 km south of the highest point. The first home of Boeotians was in mountain Boion; the mountain gave them their name.</p><br>
